Kitchen faucets are an essential part of any home, but their parts and mechanisms can be complex. Knowing the components and how they work is crucial for properly maintaining and repairing your kitchen faucet. This comprehensive guide will provide an overview of the basic kitchen faucet anatomy, the function of each part, and tips for identifying common kitchen faucet problems. Read on to become an expert in all things kitchen faucet parts!
Anatomy of a Kitchen Faucet
There are two main styles of kitchen faucets – single handle and double handle. Within those categories, there are various configurations and finishes. However, most kitchen faucets contain the same working components:
Single Handle Kitchen Faucet
A single handle kitchen faucet has one lever that controls both hot and cold water flow. Inside the spout, there is generally a cartridge or ceramic disc mechanism that regulates the flow and mix of hot and cold water with the movement of the handle.
The major components include:
- Handle – The exterior control lever that adjusts water flow and temperature. Common handle styles include arched, curved, straight, and angled.
- Spout – The arched or tubular component that directs water flow. Available in different heights and reaches.
- Cartridge – The internal component that controls the water flow and mix of hot and cold.
- Aerator – The small insert at the spout tip that mixes air into the water to prevent splashing. It can be unscrewed for cleaning.
- Supply Lines – The hot and cold water supply hoses that connect to the water supply below the sink.
- Mounting Hardware – The components like washers, nuts, and screws that secure the faucet body to the countertop or sink.
- Sprayer – An optional secondary component for concentrated spraying. Could be integrated into the spout or separate.
- Motion Sensor – Some faucets have an infrared sensor that activates water flow.
Double Handle Kitchen Faucet
A double handle kitchen faucet has separate hot and cold handles to control the water. The major components are similar to a single handle unit, but there are two cartridges – one for hot and one for cold. There is also mixing valve beneath the spout.
Components include:
- Hot & Cold Handles – Separate levers that control hot and cold water flow.
- Spout – Directs the mixed water flow.
- Cartridges – Separate valves that control hot and cold water flow.
- Mixing Valve – Mixes the hot and cold water before it exits the spout.
- Aerator – Mixes in air at spout tip.
- Supply Lines, Mounting Hardware, Sprayer – Same as single handle unit.
Now that the main parts are identified, let’s look at how these components interact and function when the faucet is in use.
How a Kitchen Faucet Works
Kitchen faucets operate using basic principles of fluid mechanics and hydraulic operation. Here is an overview of what happens when you turn on your kitchen faucet:
Single Handle Operation
When you move the single handle, the attached cartridge or disc mechanism tilts or rotates to allow hot and cold water to flow. Simultaneously, it controls the mix of hot and cold water to achieve the desired temperature.
Opening the handle increases water flow rate. Moving it towards hot mixes in more hot water. Moving it towards cold increases cold water flow. All this happens within the cartridge.
The blended hot and cold water is then directed up through the spout. It flows past the aerator, which injects air to break up the stream. This results in a smooth, splash-free flow.
Double Handle Operation
In a double handle unit, the hot and cold handles work independently to control separate cartridges. Turning the hot handle increases hot water flow, while the cold handle increases cold.
The separate flows go through the mixing valve below the spout, allowing them to blend. The mixing valve works to combine the flows and regulate the final temperature.
After mixing, the stream flows up the spout and through the aerator as described above for single handle faucets.
Mixing Valve
The mixing valve in a double handle faucet is a key safety feature. If one water supply fails or loses pressure, the mixing valve helps prevent scalding or uncomfortably cold water by restricting flow. Some single handle units also incorporate a thermostatic mixing valve.
Additional Features
Beyond the basic mechanics, kitchen faucets can also have:
- Motion sensors that activate water flow when hands are detected.
- Magnetic docking and retraction for a pull-out sprayer.
- A pause button on the sprayer to temporarily stop water.
- Touch controls instead of physical handles.
- Special coatings like antimicrobial protection.
Now that we’ve reviewed how kitchen faucets function, let’s look at common problems and repairs.
Common Kitchen Faucet Problems
Kitchen faucets see heavy daily use, so issues can develop over time. Here are some of the most common kitchen faucet problems and their likely causes:
Dripping Faucet
A faucet that won’t stop dripping after being turned off is one of the most common issues. Potential causes include:
- Worn out cartridge or internal seals allowing water to leak through.
- Loose or damaged O-rings in the cartridge unit.
- Defective or damaged valve seats.
- Mineral deposits keeping the valves from seating properly.
- Worn/loose plastic cartridge components.
Leaking Handle
If water leaks from under the handle, it typically indicates a problem with internal O-rings. Potential causes are:
- Cracked, torn, or missing O-rings around the cartridge or stem unit.
- Loose retainer nut allowing water past the O-rings.
- Eroded valve seats or waterways in the interior faucet body.
Low Water Flow
Restricted water flow can make tasks like filling pots difficult. Causes include:
- Clogged aerator reducing output at the spout tip.
- Mineral buildup in valves and supply lines restricting flow.
- Internal component blockage from debris or wear.
- Inadequate water supply pressure.
Excessive Spray/Splashing
If the water stream spurts, splashes wildly, or doesn’t flow smoothly, the aerator is often the problem. Issues include:
- Missing or incorrectly installed aerator.
- Damaged or dirty aerator needing replacement.
- Aerator not hand-tightened sufficiently.
Loose Faucet
If a faucet rocks, wiggles, or seems to move when in use, mounting components have loosened. Causes are:
- Loose nuts securing the faucet to the sink.
- Worn plastic gaskets or O-rings in the base.
- Improper installation.
- Defective sprayer hose and weight causing torque on faucet.
- Repeated angular force applied on the spout.
Temperature Control Problems
If a faucet delivers water that is too hot, too cold, or fluctuates, the issue may be:
- Malfunctioning thermostatic cartridge or mixing valve.
- Cross-contamination between hot and cold supply lines.
- Uneven water supply pressure causing inconsistent mixing.
- Clogged valves or aerator altering flow rates.
By understanding what can go wrong, you can more easily diagnose and fix common kitchen faucet problems when they arise.
Kitchen Faucet Maintenance
Routine maintenance helps minimize leaks, flow problems, and deterioration of faucet components. Follow this periodic maintenance checklist:
- Inspect hoses and fittings for cracks, kinks, and corrosion. Replace damaged supply lines.
- Clean the aerator by removing it and soaking/rinsing to clear mineral buildup.
- Shine faucet surfaces with a non-abrasive cleaner and rinse debris off spray heads.
- Flush faucet and supply valves by removing aerator and running hot and cold water for a few minutes to purge sediment.
- Inspect O-rings and seals around handles and spouts for cracks or damage. Lubricate with non-petroleum grease.
- Tighten any loose mounting nuts/screws under the sink to prevent rocking and leaks.
- Test temperature settings and make adjustments as needed for proper hot water regulation.
- Check for hidden leaks below the sink with absorbent paper towels around all connections.
Regular maintenance gives you the chance to spot issues early before they worsen. Now let’s look at when professional repair is needed.
When to Repair or Replace Your Faucet
While some kitchen faucet repairs like changing aerator screens or tightening fittings are DIY-friendly, other issues require professional help:
- Leaking valves/cartridges need disassembly with special tools to access internal seals and components. The mixing valve is very complex.
- Lime and mineral deposits require powerful descaling solutions and removal techniques you can’t do at home.
- Identifying source of water temperature problems often involves diagnosis expertise beyond what most homeowners can handle.
- Sprayer/hose replacement and installation is challenging without special assembly instructions and tools.
- Faucet installation and mount replacement is extremely difficult to get right without experience.
Seeking professional service for complex repairs also gives you access to special supply sources for manufacturer-approved replacement parts. The cost is often lower than totally replacing the faucet.
However, when the faucet is hopelessly compromised or repair costs exceed replacement, installing a brand new faucet is the wise option.
Replacing a Kitchen Faucet
Here is an overview of the kitchen faucet replacement process if your old unit is beyond repair:
Select a New Faucet
Consider the finish, handles, spout height, reach, sprayer options, and features like touchless activation. Keep your sink configuration in mind – 1 hole or 3 holes. Pick a comparable size and hole count.
Gather Necessary Plumbing Tools
You will need wrenches, screwdrivers, plumber’s putty, PTFE tape, and possibly a basin wrench for the task. Have a bucket and rags ready to catch any water.
Shut Off Water Supply Lines
Locate the hot and cold shut-off valves below the sink and turn them off. Turn on the faucet to bleed residual water pressure. Disconnect and remove old supply lines.
Unfasten and Remove the Old Faucet
Unscrew any mounting nuts, brackets, and gaskets until you can lift the old faucet out. Clean away any remaining putty or debris.
Install the New Faucet
Set the base in place along with any gaskets or washers. Reconnect the supply lines. Fasten all mounting nuts and brackets securely.
Connect and Turn On Water Supply
Attach hot and cold supply lines. Turn valves back on slowly and check for any leaks around hoses and fittings.
Run the New Faucet
Turn on hot and cold water and test operation. Make sure sprayer, valves, and controls all work smoothly. Enjoy your new, fully functional kitchen faucet!
Replacing a worn-out kitchen faucet can seem daunting, but following the proper steps makes it a straightforward DIY project. The result is a revitalized kitchen with an efficient new faucet.
Kitchen Faucet Upgrade Options
When selecting a replacement kitchen faucet, today’s options go far beyond basic chrome models. Here are some popular upgrade choices to consider for a customized look and enhanced performance:
- Matte black or oil rubbed bronze finishes provide a modern, sophisticated look. They nicely conceal water spots and fingerprints.
- Pull-down spray faucets give you extended reach for filling pots or cleaning. The spout retracts out of the way when not needed.
- Touchless, hands-free operation turns water on and off simply by waving your hand near the sensor. It’s very convenient when your hands are messy.
- Multiple setting sprayers allow you to easily switch between stream, spray, and infused water flow for versatile food prep.
- Commercial styling with full-swing spouts provides residential kitchens with professional-grade functionality and industrial elegance.
- Bridge faucets have become trendy for their unique arched-neck design spanning between two handles. They maximize space over the sink.
- Smart faucets can be voice activated, programmed to dispense exact amounts, and even hooked up to home automation systems.
With the ever-expanding variety of kitchen faucet designs and innovations, you are sure to find the perfect upgrade to suit your space and needs. Investing in the right faucet can improve your kitchen’s form and function for many years to come.
FAQs About Kitchen Faucet Parts and Repairs
Q: What are kitchen faucet cartridges made of?
Kitchen faucet cartridges are typically made from plastic, ceramic, or metal alloys. Plastic cartridges incorporate nylon, Teflon, or plastic polymer components. Ceramic cartridges contain durable ceramic discs to control water flow. Metal cartridges use brass, stainless steel, or special alloys. The specific construction affects durability and performance.
Q: Can I lubricate kitchen faucet valves and O-rings?
You can use a small amount of non-petroleum based plumber’s grease or silicone faucet and valve lubricant to lubricate O-rings and valves in a kitchen faucet. This helps maintain a good seal and prevent wear over time. Avoid using regular lubricants which can damage rubber components.
Q: Why does my kitchen faucet have low water flow?
Low flow from a kitchen faucet usually results from blockages like sediment in the aerator or supply lines, stuck cartridge valves, excessive mineral deposits in valves or hoses, supply pressure issues, or a damaged cartridge unable to open fully. A thorough cleaning, de-scaling and replacement of damaged internal seals can often restore proper water flow.
Q: How do I stop my kitchen faucet from dripping?
To stop a dripping kitchen faucet, you typically need to replace any worn out or damaged internal seals and valve components like O-rings, cartridge seals, valve seats, cartridges or washers allowing water to leak through. Disassembling the faucet and replacing these parts is the best solution for drips.
Q: Why is my kitchen faucet loose at the base?
A kitchen faucet becoming loose at the base is usually due to the mounting nuts under the sink working loose over time. Repeated torque on the spout can loosen nuts. Re-tightening mounting nuts firmly with wrenches will stop any rocking or looseness. Replacing worn gaskets may be needed for a secure fit.
Q: How do I remove lime and mineral buildup in my kitchen faucet?
To remove mineral deposits inside a kitchen faucet, soak removable parts like aerators or spray heads in white vinegar overnight. For buildup inside the faucet, have a plumber or home repair professional use a de-scaling acid solution to break down and dissolve the limescale and prevent damage to internal components.
Q: What causes low hot water pressure from a kitchen faucet?
If a kitchen faucet has adequate cold water pressure but insufficient hot water flow, the likely causes are a blocked hot water supply line or valve, faulty hot water control cartridge inside the faucet, water heater issues like sediment, or crossed hot and cold supply lines. A professional will need to identify and address the specific cause.
Q: How often should kitchen faucets be replaced?
The typical lifespan of a kitchen faucet is 10-15 years with proper maintenance. Higher use faucets may need replacement sooner – around 8-12 years. Signs your faucet needs replacing include frequent leaks, loose fittings, considerable mineral buildup, outdated or missing parts making repairs impossible, and general wear compromising function.
Conclusion
Understanding the inner workings of your kitchen faucet empowers you to properly care for this essential component. Paying attention to common faucet problems helps you address issues promptly and know when professional help is required. Periodically maintaining and upgrading your kitchen faucet keeps it performing like new for many years of dependable service. Use this guide to become an expert on all aspects of kitchen faucet parts and repairs.