Ceramic subway tile has become an incredibly popular choice for kitchen and bathroom walls over the past decade. With its classic rectangular shape and diverse color and pattern options, subway tile provides a timeless and versatile backdrop that works in both traditional and contemporary spaces. This article will explore everything you need to know about ceramic subway tile, from its history and manufacturing process to designing with it and proper installation. Read on to learn all about this classic tile trend that has stood the test of time.
A Brief History of Subway Tile
The origins of subway tile date back to early 20th century New York City and the first underground subway stations. The rectangular white tiles that lined the subway tunnels were not only easy to clean, but also brightened the underground spaces. Architects and designers soon realized that subway tile could have similar benefits when used in residential and commercial spaces.
By the 1910s and 1920s, 3×6 inch subway tiles became widely used as wainscoting in kitchens and bathrooms across America. The tiles provided a hygienic, water-resistant surface that was also easy to maintain. As materials became more mass produced and affordable, subway tile installations moved from partial walls to completely tiling kitchens and bathrooms.
Subway tile continued growing in popularity through the 1950s and 1960s. Advancements in manufacturing allowed for glossy finishes and new colors like pink, yellow, turquoise and black. This increased the design versatility of the classic subway shape. While subway tile fell out of favor in the 1970s and 1980s with a shift towards organic textures and patterns, a renewed interested emerged in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Today, subway tile is more popular than ever for a variety of reasons discussed throughout this article. Contemporary takes on subway tile include mixing glossy and matte finishes, combining colors and patterns, and using longer or shorter lengths. However, the classic 3×6 white glossy subway tile remains a staple.
Manufacturing Process
Ceramic subway tiles are made from natural clay that is shaped and fired at high temperatures to harden. The manufacturing process includes:
- Clay preparation – The natural clay is refined and cleaned to remove any impurities. Different clays produce different finishes.
- Pressing – The clay is pressed into molds under high pressure to form the classic rectangular subway shapes.
- Drying – The shaped tiles are left to air dry fully before firing.
- Firing – The dried tiles are fired in high-temperature kilns which causes the clay to harden through vitrification. Multiple firings may be done to achieve different finishes.
- Polishing and finishing – For glossy tiles, the surface is polished to a smooth sheen. The backs of tiles are often left unpolished.
- Sorting and packaging – The finished tiles are sorted by color, size and surface finish before being packaged for shipment.
Advancements in technology have allowed subway tile to be mass produced efficiently while maintaining consistency and quality. Digital printing methods can also now be used to apply graphic patterns and images to ceramic subway tile.
Pros and Cons of Ceramic Subway Tile
Subway tile offers many benefits that have contributed to its lasting popularity over the past century:
Pros:
- Timeless and classic rectangular shape
- Available in a wide range of colors
- Durable and water-resistant
- Easy to clean and maintain
- Affordable and budget-friendly
- Endless design options by mixing colors and patterns
- Suitable for walls, floors, kitchens, baths, pools
- Easy to install in do-it-yourself projects
- Can be used to create focal points or subtle backdrops
Cons:
- Grout lines may require more frequent cleaning
- Installation takes time, patience and proper spacing
- Grout can stain or discolor over time requiring regrouting
- Glossy finish tiles show water spots and fingerprints
- Not recommended for heavy traffic floors
- Patterned tiles require more precision when cutting
- Low slip-resistance if used on floors
While ceramic subway tile has some drawbacks to consider, clever design and proper installation can overcome many of the challenges. Overall, subway tile delivers outstanding versatility and timeless appeal.
Designing With Subway Tile
One of the biggest advantages of ceramic subway tile is the endless design possibilities. Here are some top tips for selecting and designing with subway tile:
- Choose colors wisely – Stick to a simple monochromatic scheme or create interest with contrasting grout colors. Avoid overly trendy colors.
- Vary orientation – Mix horizontal and vertical tile layouts or lay tile on the diagonal. Herringbone patterns add visual appeal.
- Accent with borders – Use contrasting tiles or materials to create pretty borders and framing effects.
- Create focal points – Use bolder colored or patterned tiles sparingly to create focal points, such as behind sinks or stoves.
- Mix finishes – Combine glossy and matte tiles in pleasing ratios to add depth. Use satin tiles on floors.
- Play with scale – Go for longer planks or mosaic penny tiles to switch up traditional sizing.
- Incorporate patterns – Use graphics, stripes, geometrics and moroccan-inspired patterns for interest.
- Pair with other materials – Contrast subway tile with natural stone, wood, patterned wallpaper, shiplap boards and more.
- Choose the right grout – Select grout color and texture to complement or contrast your tile.
By thoughtfully combining design elements like these, it’s easy to create a unique and stylish ceramic subway tile installation.
Where to Use Subway Tile
Thanks to their water-resistance and easy maintenance, ceramic subway tiles are a natural fit for kitchens and bathrooms. However, don’t limit subway tile to just these spaces. Consider using it in:
- Kitchen backsplashes and walls
- Shower surrounds and tub surrounds
- Bathroom walls and backsplashes
- Pool tile – walls, copings, waterlines
- Laundry and mud rooms
- Bar, cafe and restaurant decor
- Fireplace surrounds
- Accent walls in any room
- Outdoor kitchens, patios and pool decks
- High-traffic floors in entryways or kitchens
Subway tile provides the perfect neutral backdrop that suits both traditional and modern decors. Use it to create small accent areas or fully tile entire rooms. The versatility of subway tile makes it a smart choice for residential, commercial and hospitality projects alike.
Subway Tile Installation Tips
Achieving a flawless subway tile installation requires careful planning, precision and patience. Keep these top tips in mind:
- Use a level and spacers – Put up a laser level line to ensure perfectly straight rows. Use tile spacers for consistent grout lines.
- Plan the layout – Dry lay tiles and play with layout options before installing. Minimize small cut tiles at edges.
- Mix tile batches – Blend together tiles from several boxes while installing to minimize shade variation.
- Seal Natural Stone – Seal porous tiles like marble before installation to prevent staining.
- Use the right tools – Invest in a tile cutter, spacers and other essential tools for a quality install.
- Prep the surface well – Clean and level substrate. Use appropriate backerboards, waterproofing and underlayment.
- Use quality setting materials – Choose the appropriate thinset mortar and grout for the tile and application.
- Apply tile correctly – Spread thinset evenly and establish a bonding coat on the back of each tile. Beat tiles in properly.
- Grout carefully – Wipe away excess grout thoroughly and clean haze to avoid stubborn films. Seal grout once cured.
Taking the time to put down tile correctly will be rewarded with a stunning installation you can enjoy for decades to come. If in doubt, hire a professional tile installer for best results.
Subway Tile Design Ideas
Here are some gorgeous examples of ceramic subway tiles used in creative ways:
Monochromatic Kitchen
A crisp all-white kitchen featuring white cabinets, walls, backsplash, grout and countertops. The high-gloss finish and matching white grout create a seamless effect.
Photo by Studio McGee – Source
Bold Color Splash
Make a bold statement by using vibrant teal subway tiles for a striking pop of color. Pair it with neutral cabinetry and metals for balance.
Photo by Maestri Studio – Source
Moroccan Fish Scale
Jazz up basic white tiles with a fun fish scale pattern. This lends visual interest and a moroccan flair to the space.
Photo by Paul Richer – Source
Herringbone Accent
Use shape to create interest by framing a window with diagonal herringbone tiles. The dynamic chevron pattern livens up the backsplash.
Photo by Studio DB – Source
Bold Diamond Floor
Make a statement by laying glossy black subway tile in a dynamic diamond pattern on the floor. Paired with white grout, it creates geometric impact.
Photo by Filth & Glorious – Source
Subway Tile Care and Maintenance
Ceramic subway tiles are highly durable and water-resistant. However, proper care is required to keep them looking like new:
- Seal grout periodically to protect against stains and discoloration
- Clean tiles and grout regularly using pH neutral cleaners – avoid harsh chemicals
- Re-grout areas where grout is cracking or missing to prevent damage
- Use sealants formulated for tile on high-traffic floor areas
- Do not let spills sit – wipe up quickly to prevent staining
- Clean soap scum, hard water deposits and mildew promptly to avoid buildup
- Use non-abrasive scrubbing pads and soft bristle brushes only
- Polish small scratches using automotive buffing compound
- Be gentle with natural stone tiles which can etch from acids
With proper care and maintenance, a quality subway tile installation can stay looking great for decades to come.
Subway Tile Costs
Here are some average costs for subway tile materials:
- Ceramic subway tile – $0.50-$9 per square foot
- Porcelain subway tile – $2-$15 per square foot
- Natural stone subway tile – $5-$50 per square foot
- Metal subway tile – $10-$30 per square foot
- Handmade artisan subway tile – $8-$40 per square foot
- Thinset mortar – $10-$20 per 50 lb. bag
- Grout – $10-$30 per 25 lb. bag
- Additional materials – $5-$15 per square foot installed
Keep in mind that labor costs for professional installation will be additional. DIY installation can reduce the total cost but requires more time and skill. Overall, subway tile is very budget-friendly, making it a smart choice for most remodeling budgets.
Trending Modern Subway Tile Ideas
While the classic white 3×6 subway will never go out of style, there are lots of fresh new options to consider:
- Longer planks – 12×24 inches or even longer for a modern twist
- Mosaics – Tiny 1×1 mosaics create cute penny tile patterns
- Moroccan patterns – Colorful zellige-inspired and encaustic designs
- Geometric shapes – Hexagons, diamonds, chevrons and herringbones
- Bold colors – Deep hues like forest green, navy and black
- 3D tiles – Dimensional wavy, sculptural and handmade art tile
- Metallics – Matte metallic finishes like bronze, pewter and aged brass
- Architectural shapes – Beveled, sculpted and handmade artisan tiles
Don’t be afraid to experiment with scale, shape, color and pattern to create a trendy yet timeless subway tile installation.
Subway Tile FAQs
Q: How many square feet are in a box of subway tile?
A: A typical box contains about 11-15 square feet of tile. Actual amount depends on manufacturer and tile size.
Q: What are the standard subway tile sizes?
A: The classic is 3×6 inches. Other common sizes are 3×12, 4×12, 3×8 and 3×24 inches. Some manufacturers offer 2×8, 4×8 and 6×6 sizes too.
Q: What type of tile cutter is best for cutting subway tile?
A: A manual score and snap cutter is ideal for straight cuts. Use a wet saw for notches, detailed cuts and natural stone tiles.
Q: Can you put subway tile directly on drywall?
A: No, cement backerboard should be installed over drywall first to provide a stable, moisture-resistant surface for thinset and tile.
Q: What thinset is best for installing subway tile?
A: White polymer-modified thinset mortar works for most indoor walls. Use non-sanded grout for 1/8” or smaller grout joints.
Q: How long does it take for grout to fully cure?
A: Grout will fully cure in 24-72 hours. Avoid getting it wet during that time. Apply grout sealer 1 week later.
Q: Should subway tile be laid brick pattern or stacked?
A: This comes down to personal preference! Brick pattern has a more uniform look. Stacked adds some visual interest.
Q: Can you use subway tile outdoors?
A: Yes, it’s suitable for outdoor applications if it’s rated for freeze/thaw conditions. Use a thick bed mortar method.
Conclusion
The popularity of ceramic subway tile has endured over 100 years thanks to its classic styling, versatility, durability, and affordability. With proper planning, high-quality installation, and routine care, subway tile creates a timeless backsplash or wall covering in kitchens, baths, and more. Contemporary colors, shapes, and patterns allow for limitless modern design options as well. Subway tile is sure to maintain its reign as a leading wall covering choice for years to come.