Tile grout is the material used to fill the spaces between tiles. It provides a uniform look and seals the joints between tiles to prevent moisture from seeping through. Over time, the sealant in grout can wear away due to moisture, foot traffic, cleaning etc. This allows dirt, grime and stains to accumulate in the grout lines, making the tiles look dull and unsightly. Applying a tile grout sealer protects the grout and keeps it looking new.
There are two main types of tile grout sealants available – topical sealants and impregnating sealants. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Topical Sealants
Topical sealants, also known as surface sealants, coat the top of the grout joint with a protective layer. They form a water-resistant barrier on the surface that prevents moisture and stains from penetrating into the grout.
Advantages of Topical Sealants
- Create a uniform appearance – They cover the grout joint completely and provide an even, consistent color. This gives the tiled surface a uniform, polished look.
- Dry fast – Many topical sealers are water-based and dry within a few hours after application. This allows the tiled surface to be back in use fairly quickly.
- Easy application – Topical sealants are relatively easy to apply with a paintbrush, roller, sponge or sprayer. No special skills or tools are required.
- Affordable – Topical sealants are generally quite affordable, costing between $10-$30 per gallon.
- Variety of sheens – Topical sealants come in various finishes like high-gloss, satin or matte. This allows matching the sealer’s sheen to that of the tiles.
Disadvantages of Topical Sealants
- Temporary protection – Being on the surface, topical sealers are susceptible to abrasion and damage from foot traffic and cleaning. They need frequent reapplication, sometimes as often as every few months.
- Can peel off – The protective coating created by these sealers can chip, flake or peel off over time. This exposes the grout underneath and compromises its protection.
- Visible wear and tear – Any damage to the sealer’s coating is clearly visible and impacts the look of the grout. The uniform appearance is lost.
- Need for reapplication – Topical sealants require frequent renewal. Old sealer needs to be completely removed before re-coating, which is labor intensive.
- Not suitable for outdoors – Exposure to harsh weather damages topical sealers. They are not very effective for outdoor applications.
- Can alter surface appearance – Poor quality topical sealants may give the grout a plastic-like shine or alter its color. This can negatively impact the tiles’ appearance.
Overall, topical sealers offer an inexpensive and quick solution for sealing grout. However, their protection is temporary and keeping them looking good involves repetitive reapplication and removal of old sealer.
Impregnating Sealants
Unlike topical sealants, impregnating sealants get absorbed into the grout and do not leave a coating on the surface. They line the pores within the grout, creating an invisible barrier that prevents stain absorption.
Advantages of Impregnating Sealants
- Long-lasting protection – Since they penetrate deep into the grout, impregnating sealants are not affected by surface wear and abrasion. A single application can last for several years.
- Withstand weathering and water – Impregnators are resistant to moisture, spills, freezing temperatures and exposure. They are effective even for outdoor applications.
- Allow surface to breathe – These sealants do not seal the surface of the grout. This allows the grout to transpire moisture and prevents buildup of mold or mildew.
- No change in appearance – Impregnators are invisible once dried, and do not alter the grout’s original color or finish. The look of the tiles is preserved.
- Easier renewal – Reapplication involves simply coating over the existing sealer. Old sealant does not need to be stripped.
- More economical – Due to their durability, impregnating sealants work out cheaper in the long run compared to topical sealants.
Disadvantages of Impregnating Sealants
- No uniform appearance – Since they penetrate the grout, impregnators do not provide a coating that masks existing staining or alters color. Pre-sealing cleaning is essential.
- Slower drying time – Impregnating sealants can take 12-24 hours to fully cure depending on the product. The tiled area cannot be used during this time.
- Needs dry grout – Impregnators require the grout to be completely dry before application. Any residual moisture left in the grout can prevent absorption.
- Not for polished or shiny surfaces – These sealants are designed to penetrate porous surfaces. They do not work effectively on polished, vitrified or glass tiles.
- More expensive – High-quality impregnating sealants typically cost more than topical sealants, ranging between $30-$60 per gallon.
- Need proper application – Impregnating sealants need to be applied carefully and methodically to allow absorption into the grout. No excess sealer should sit on the tile surface.
- Sealers with solvents can be hazardous – Some impregnator formulas contain solvents that can be toxic. Proper ventilation and protective gear is required when using these sealers.
While impregnating sealants provide longer-lasting grout protection, the process requires more skill and patience compared to using a topical sealer.
How Do I Choose Between Topical and Impregnating Sealants?
Deciding between a topical sealer and an impregnating sealer depends on several factors:
- Application Area – Topical sealers are suitable for indoor flooring while impregnators are better for kitchen backsplashes and outdoor areas that see higher moisture.
- Type of Tile or Stone – Impregnators work well with porous, textured surfaces like terracotta while topical sealants adhere better on smooth, polished tiles.
- Desired Finish – Those wanting to enhance the tile color, shine or uniformity should choose a topical sealer. Impregnators maintain the original appearance.
- Amount of Use – Topical sealers make sense for surfaces that see occasional or light use. High traffic and outdoor areas benefit more from the durability of impregnators.
- Ease of Application – DIYers may find topical sealants easier to apply without much fuss or specific tools. Impregnators require a more careful application process.
- Safety – Topical sealants are better for indoor use as they are typically water-based and low odor. Solvent-based impregnators require proper ventilation during application.
- Budget – Topical sealers provide a temporary fix at a low cost while impregnators are a pricier but long-term solution.
- Maintenance – Those wanting to minimize sealer reapplication maintenance every few months should pick an impregnating sealer instead of a topical one.
Always do a spot test with any sealer on an inconspicuous area before large-scale application. Read the manufacturer’s guidelines carefully for best results.
Types of Topical Tile Grout Sealants
There are a number of options available when it comes to choosing a topical sealer suitable for your needs.
Acrylic-Based Sealers
Acrylic sealers contain acrylic resins that form a protective coating over the grout when they cure. They are water-based, low odor and easy to apply. Acrylics are resistant to water, stains, mold and mildew. They provide good protection at an affordable price point.
Epoxy-Based Sealers
Two-part epoxy sealers offer extremely durable grout sealing. The epoxy resin and hardener need to be mixed together just before use. Epoxies form a thicker, plastic-like coating that is highly resistant to abrasion and moisture. They are more suitable for industrial environments and high-traffic areas.
Polyurethane Sealers
Polyurethane creates a tough, clear film on the grout joint. It provides good protection against water, oil, grease and chemicals. Polyurethane sealers are highly durable and maintain the natural appearance of the grout. They are odorless, non-yellowing and suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Lacquer Sealers
Lacquer sealers contain lacquer dissolved in a solvent that evaporates after application. It dries to form a glossy, durable coating. Lacquer sealers enhance the color of the grout and provide strong protection against moisture and stains. Low quality lacquer can yellow over time.
Natural Stone/Grout Sealers
These water-based sealers are made specifically for sealing natural stone tiles like marble, granite, slate etc. They deeply penetrate the porous grout joints and make them stain resistant. Natural stone sealers usually contain silicone, silane or siloxane.
Urethane-Based Sealers
Urethane grout sealers form a durable, plastic-like coating similar to epoxy. However, they contain urethane resins instead of epoxy, so they are more flexible. Urethane sealers are resistant to chemicals, abrasion, temperature extremes and UV rays.
Types of Impregnating Tile Grout Sealers
Impregnating sealers for tile grout use various active ingredients to penetrate and line the pores in cementitious grout. Some popular options include:
Silane/Siloxane-Based Sealers
Silane and siloxane can penetrate deeply into grout joints owing to their smaller molecule size. Once inside, they chemically react with moisture to form a water-repellent barrier within the pores. Silane/siloxane sealers provide long-term protection against water and stains.
Silicates-Based Sealers
Silicate sealers penetrate the grout and bind with the minerals present in its cementitious components. This makes the grout denser and more water-repellent while still allowing vapor transmission. Silicate sealers are suitable for extremely porous grout.
Siliconate Sealers
Siliconate is derived from silica sand and reacts with cement particles in the grout to provide water repellency. It has smaller molecules than silane so can penetrate grout better. Siliconate sealers also strengthen and densify the grout.
Fluoropolymers Sealers
Fluoropolymers contain fluorine compounds that act as excellent water and oil repellents. They line the pores in grout and make it resistant to a wide variety of stains from coffee, wine, dirt, oil etc. Fluoropolymer sealers provide premium-grade protection.
Epoxy Resin Sealers
Not to be confused with topical epoxy sealers, these contain diluted epoxy resins that penetrate into the grout and seal pores from within. Epoxy resin hardens after curing and provides permanent sealing against moisture, stains, acids and chemicals.
Acrylic Resin Sealers
Acrylic resin solutions penetrate porous grout and then set to a hard film after curing. Acrylics bond well to cementitious substrates. They improve stain resistance as well as strengthen aged or cracked grout. Water-based acrylic sealers are safe and odorless.
Application Guide for Tile Grout Sealants
Follow these basic steps when applying either topical or impregnating grout sealants for best results:
Step 1: Allow New Grout to Cure
It is recommended to wait at least 72 hours after new grout installation before sealing as the grout needs time to cure properly. Sealing too early can lead to issues like improper bonding, trapped moisture etc.
Step 2: Clean the Grout
The grout must be thoroughly cleaned before sealing to remove any dirt, grease, mold or existing sealers. Use a stiff-bristle brush and grout cleaner for this purpose. Rinse off with clean water and allow the grout to dry completely.
Step 3: Apply Sealer as per Manufacturer’s Instructions
Read the product label carefully before using any grout sealer. Apply only as directed. Follow all precautions mentioned. Wear gloves and ventilate the area if required.
Step 4: Work in Small Sections
Seal a small area of 2-3 sq. ft at a time starting from the corner. Use a sponge brush or roller to apply the sealer uniformly without gaps. Avoid contact with the tile surface.
Step 5: Wipe Off Excess
For impregnating sealers, wipe off any excess puddles or sealer left on the tiles using a clean lint-free cloth. Do this within 5-10 mins of application before the sealer dries.
Step 6: Allow Proper Curing Time
Curing time varies based on the sealer. Do not walk on the tiles or expose them to water during this period. Ventilate the area if solvent-based sealers are used.
Step 7: Apply a Second Coat (Optional)
Some sealers require a second protective coat. Apply the second coat as directed by the manufacturer after the first coat has dried completely.
Always test sealers in an inconspicuous spot first to check for any discoloration or undesirable effects on your grout or tiles. Reseal grout as needed based on wear and tear.
Two Main Types of Tile Grout Sealants: FAQs
Here are answers to some frequently asked questions about sealing tile grout:
How soon can I seal new grout?
It is best to wait 72 hours after grouting to allow the grout to cure properly before sealing it. Sealing too early can lead to failure of the sealer bonding.
How do I know when it’s time to reseal my grout?
Signs that it’s time for regrouting include grout that easily absorbs water, appears cracked or pitted, has noticeable stains, or feels rough and gritty to the touch. Existing sealers may also start wearing off in high traffic areas first.
What’s the difference between sealing and coloring grout?
Sealing grout only protects the grout joint while coloring coats the grout joint with pigment. Sealers are clear and protect against moisture while colored grout is mainly for aesthetics.
Can I apply an impregnating sealer over a topical sealer?
It is not recommended. Impregnating sealers require porous surfaces to penetrate into. A topical sealer will leave a coating that prevents absorption. The topical sealer must be completely removed before using an impregnator.
How long does a tile grout sealer last?
Topical sealers last 3-6 months on average before needing reapplication. Impregnating sealers can last 3-5 years if a premium quality sealer is used and applied properly.
What happens if I don’t seal my grout?
Unsealed grout will absorb any spills, moisture and dirt. This can lead to staining, cracking, discoloration, mold growth and erosion of the grout over time requiring extensive repairs.
Can I seal just part of my tile installation?
It is strongly advised to seal grout joints consistently throughout the entire tiled area. Sealing only parts can lead to a blotchy, uneven appearance as sealed and unsealed grout will absorb moisture and stain differently.
How long should I stay off sealed floors?
Light foot traffic is possible after 8-12 hours of sealing. Allow 24-48 hours of curing before heavy use of the floors, moving furniture or wet mopping over sealed grout.
What’s better – coating over or stripping old sealers?
Stripping removes all old layers thoroughly but is labour intensive. Coating over is quicker but old sealers can still fail under the new layer over time. Either option can work if done properly. Discuss with your installer.
Conclusion
Regular sealing and maintenance of the grout is essential to keep tiled areas looking pristine and preventing permanent staining or damage. Choosing between topical and impregnating sealers for tile grout depends on the specific application, tiles used, desired finish and maintenance considerations. Topical sealers offer a quick and affordable temporary solution while impregnators provide durable long-term sealing. Always follow the manufacturer’s directions closely when applying any grout sealer. With proper application and routine renewal, grout sealants can significantly extend the life and appearance of tiled surfaces.