Metal roofs have become an increasingly popular roofing choice for homes and businesses in recent years. With a wide variety of metal roofing materials to choose from, such as steel, aluminum, copper, and zinc, metal roofs offer a durable and aesthetically pleasing roofing option. However, like any roofing material, metal roofs also have some potential downsides to consider. This article examines the key merits and drawbacks of metal roofing to help you determine if it is the right choice for your roof replacement or new construction project.
Introduction to Metal Roofing
Metal roofs have been used for centuries in various parts of the world, but they have seen a revival in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe in the last couple of decades. Once used primarily for agricultural, industrial and commercial buildings, metal roofs are now a popular choice for modern homes.
Metal roofs are praised for their extreme durability, long lifespan, energy efficiency, aesthetic appeal, and resistance to fire, rot, and pests. Metal roofing comes in a variety of styles from traditional standing seam panels to stone-coated steel shingles that replicate the look of other roofing materials such as asphalt, wood shake, or clay tiles.
Compared to asphalt shingles, metal roofing materials tend to be lighter weight but also more rigid and durable against the elements. The lifespan of metal roofs often exceeds 50 years, while asphalt shingles typically need to be replaced every 15-20 years.
When evaluating the pros and cons of metal roofing, consider factors like your climate, roof style, and budget. While metal roofs have become increasingly affordable over time, they still carry a higher upfront cost than asphalt shingles. However, metal roofs may pay for themselves over time when you account for their exceptional longevity and lack of maintenance needs.
The Merits and Drawbacks of Metal Roofs
Durability and Longevity
One of the prime advantages of metal roofing is an exceptionally long lifespan. High quality metal roofing can last 50 years or longer, more than doubling or tripling the typical lifespan of asphalt shingle roofing. The long-term durability of metal roofing is thanks to the strength and rigidness of materials like galvanized steel and aluminum.
While asphalt shingle roofs become brittle and crack over time due to sun exposure and weathering, quality metal roofing maintains its integrity. The coatings applied to metal roofing panels provide further resistance against corrosion, UV rays, and other environmental stressors. Most metal roof manufacturers provide warranties in the range of 30-50 years to back the longevity of their products.
With a properly installed metal roof, you may never need to replace your roof again or budget for periodic roof replacements, saving you money in the long run. The highly durable roof deck also protects against leaks, water damage, and mold growth in your attic and roof assembly.
Weather Resistance
Metal roofing excels at weather resistance, shrugging off rain, snow, hail, and high winds. The smooth, rigid panels do not absorb water or warp like asphalt shingles, preventing leaks. The slope and protective coatings cause precipitation to easily slide off.
Metal roofing offers wind uplift resistance well beyond building code standards. Proper installation techniques create a roof assembly that will not blow off in high wind events like storms or hurricanes. The rigidity of metal also prevents any damage from hail strikes, unlike more susceptible roofing materials like asphalt shingles and slate tiles.
For homes in regions with substantial snowfall, a slick metal roof prevents accumulation and effectively sheds snow off to the eaves. Snow slides off a metal roof and does not build up to cause collapse concerns or ice dams like with asphalt shingle roofs. The durability and snow resistant nature of metal roofs make them a smart long term investment for cold weather climates.
Fire Resistance
Metal roofing panels earn Class A fire ratings for their noncombustible nature. Materials like galvanized steel and aluminum will not ignite or fuel a fire. The fire resistance of metal roofing provides an extra layer of protection for a home against wildfires that may spread to the roof.
Metal roofing can also reduce the potential fire hazard from flying embers or sparks landing during wildfires or fireworks displays. The noncombustible roof surface resists ignition and prevents embers from catching and smoldering like they can between asphalt shingles.
Energy Efficiency
The innate properties of metal roofing lend themselves to energy efficiency advantages. The reflective nature of many metal roofing finishes reflect solar radiation and absorb less heat than darker roofs. This can reduce cooling costs during hot weather.
Insulated metal roofing panels take this a step further by integrating rigid foam insulation within the roof profile. The insulating metal roof panels create a thermal break to prevent heat transfer into or out of a building. Roof deck insulation helps reduce heating and cooling demands year round.
Metal roofs with a radiant barrier further improve energy efficiency by blocking radiant heat gain from solar radiation. The radiant barrier can lower peak attic temperatures by up to 30 degrees Fahrenheit to reduce air conditioning costs.
A cool metal roof with above sheathing ventilation creates an air space between the metal panels and the roof deck. This allows for airflow that carries away unwanted heat in the attic. Keeping your attic cooler and preventing ice dams are additional ways a metal roof can improve the energy efficiency of your home.
Environmentally Friendly
Metal roofing contains high levels of recycled content, often between 25-95% recycled material. Steel and aluminum are also fully recyclable materials, able to be remanufactured repeatedly into new products. Metal roofing can even contribute to LEED credits for green building certification.
Unlike roofing materials that off-gas or leach hazardous chemicals, metal roofing is considered a non-toxic roofing product with neutral environmental impact. The 100% recyclable nature and lack of waste make metal roofing an environmentally friendly roofing option.
Aesthetic Options
Modern metal roofing offers a wide range of styles from traditional panels to shingles that mimic other roofing materials. The sleek, clean lines of metal roofing appeal to many homeowners over the busier look of composite shingles.
Metal roofing is available in colors from classic grays and reds to bold blues, greens, and coppers. The crisp look and varied color options allow metal roofing to enhance a home’s curb appeal and integrate well with diverse architectural styles, from historic homes to modern designs.
Stone-coated steel shingles provide the attractive look of shake, slate, or clay tile roofing without the cost and maintenance needs. The different edge designs, shadow lines, and textures create visual interest and depth on the roof.
Low Maintenance
Once installed, metal roofing requires very minimal maintenance. The durable panels withstand weathering and keep their protective finishes for decades before needing any coating reapplication. Metal roofing does not degrade or become brittle like asphalt shingles, so repairs are rarely needed.
With a metal roof, you can say goodbye to annual roof inspections, repairs, and replacements. You avoid the continual maintenance costs and hassles associated with other roofing materials. The periodic removal of debris with a soft bristle broom or low pressure rinse is all that is needed to keep a metal roof looking like new.
Improved Home Value
Metal roofing offers a high return on investment for homeowners. The increased curb appeal and durability of metal roofing can improve home resale value by 4-6%. The lifespan beyond 50 years also appeals to buyers who will not face roof replacement costs down the road.
The energy efficiency and potential insurance savings associated with metal roofs are other factors that can positively impact home value. While metal roofing costs more upfront than asphalt, homeowners can recoup 60-70% of that cost premium in added equity when they sell the home. The metal roof essentially pays for itself and increases resale value.
The Potential Downsides of Metal Roofing
While metal roofing has outstanding performance merits, there are a few potential disadvantages to weigh as well when considering it for your home.
Higher Upfront Cost
The most significant disadvantage of metal roofing compared to asphalt shingles is the higher upfront cost. Installed costs for metal roofing are 2-3 times that of fiberglass asphalt shingles, ranging from $150-600 per square installed. Copper and zinc roofing cost even more.
However, the dramatically longer lifespan of metal roofing counterbalances the pricing gap. When you factor in that asphalt shingles need replacement every 15-20 years the lifetime costs even out. Getting 60 years or more from a single metal roof compared to replacing asphalt every 20 years makes metal a sound long term investment.
Skilled Installation Is Critical
Metal roofing must be installed properly by an experienced metal roofing contractor to deliver on its promises of longevity and performance. Mistakes made during installation can lead to problems with leaks, condensation, noise, fastener corrosion, or panel failures in high winds.
Do your due diligence when hiring a metal roofing installer. Look for an established contractor that specialized in metal roofing, not asphalt shingles. Be sure to check references from past metal roofing clients. A good metal roofing contractor will also pull the necessary permits and follow local building codes.
Potential Condensation Issues
The slick, non-porous nature of metal roofing makes condensation formation a concern in some climates and roof configurations. Temperature differentials between indoor and outdoor air can create conditions for condensation buildup under the roof.
Ensuring proper attic ventilation, insulation, and providing an air space above the roof deck are critical in managing moisture. Adequate ventilation and thermal breaks in the roof assembly prevent problematic condensation that can lead to mold, wood rot, and roof leaks.
Noise Concerns
Rain, hail, and high winds striking a metal roof can make it noisier than other roofing materials. This may be a downside for homeowners or neighborhoods that prefer a more subtle roof presence.
Noise issues from metal roofing have been reduced significantly in modern building designs thanks to thicker, noise-reducing roof deck insulation; soundproofing mat underlayments; and improved fastener techniques. Many homeowners find the rain sound on a metal roof to be pleasing “white noise”, though hail noise remains a downside in severe storms.
Paint Finish Warranties Are Shorter
Some metal roof paint finish warranties only last 10-15 years compared to multi-decade warranties on the panels themselves. This may necessitate periodic recoating to maintain appearance, with associated costs. However, new fluoropolymer and plastisol paints offer 30 year or longer finish warranties, reducing concerns of recoating maintenance.
Greater Roof Pitch Is Ideal
While some panels can be installed on lower pitch roof designs, metal roofs achieve best performance on steeper sloped roofs. Many metal roofing systems require a 3:12 pitch or greater. Standing seam panels may require a 6:12 pitch or more. This can limit metal roofing options for structures with minimal roof slope.
Snow Sliding Risks
The slick surface of metal roofing efficiently sheds snow, but this also raises safety issues with large snow dumps sliding dangerously off the roof. Proper gutter and edge flashings help direct snow away from entryways, but additional snow guards are recommended to slow descent for homes in heavy snow regions.
Storm Damage Is More Noticeable
While extremely durable against hail and high winds, any dents or damage to a metal roof from severe storms are usually quite noticeable and unsightly compared to lower profile asphalt shingles. Minor dimpling from hail is typically acceptable, but larger dents usually necessitate repairs or panel replacement. Matching new panels to fade and aged existing panels can be tricky.
Heat Concerns in Some Climates
The excellent thermal reflection and heat shedding properties of metal roofing are desirable in many climates. However, in extremely hot regions, metal roofing may be less suitable than lighter colored ceramic tiles or reflective coatings. Uninsulated metal roofing can transfer more heat downward through the roof assembly in low humidity desert zones. Proper attic ventilation and radiant barriers help offset this.
Concerns About Discoloration
Over decades of sun exposure, some metal roofing may slowly fade or discolor from its original tone, though modern finishes are designed to resist UV degradation far longer than in the past. Copper and zinc roofing also change color gradually with natural patinas. These aging processes do not affect roof performance but some homeowners dislike the aesthetic change.
Key Considerations When Deciding On a Metal Roof
- Climate factors – Consider snow loads, wind conditions, average high temperatures/humidity, and fire risk for your location. This helps determine optimal metal roofing design needs.
- Roof pitch and style – Assess your existing roof slope and style. Certain metal roofing panels require steeper pitches. The roof edges also factor into snow control needs.
- Current roof condition – If your existing roof has outlived its useful life expect full tear-off. If newer, metal roofing may be installed overtop to reduce costs.
- Home design – Choose metal roofing and colors to complement your home’s architectural character. Panels with clean lines suit modern homes, while dimensional shingles may better fit traditional styles.
- Budget – Balance upfront costs with the extended lifespan and durability of metal roofing as an investment. Roof area, access, and complexity also impact installed pricing.
- DIY or hire a contractor – Consider your skills and comfort level. Many metal roofing manufacturers require professional installation to maintain warranties.
- Maintenance expectations – Factor in minimal maintenance needs aside from occasional debris clearing, gutter cleaning, and post-storm inspections.
- Noise concerns – Evaluate noise potential from rainfall and wind. Look for sound-dampening underlayment products if peace and quiet is a priority.
- Green building goals – Metal is an eco-friendly roofing choice with recycled content. Energy efficiency options also support sustainability.
Frequently Asked Questions About Metal Roofing
Which metal makes the best roofing?
Each common metal roofing material has advantages and disadvantages:
- Steel – Most widely used thanks to good cost/benefits balance. Available in many colors and styles. Prone to rust if poorly coated.
- Aluminum – Very lightweight, resistant to corrosion and rust. More expensive but low lifetime maintenance. Limited color and style options.
- Copper – Unrivaled durability withdistinctive appearance. Needs no coatings but very expensive. Naturally develops patina.
- Zinc – Impressive longevity and low slope installation. Develops unique patina over time. Costs more than steel roofing.
- Tin – Not commonly used today. Prone to rust and durability issues relative to other metals. Unique historic look.
For most homeowners, steel and aluminum offer the best all-around combination of affordability, durability, and appearance options.
How long does a metal roof last compared to asphalt shingles?
A high quality standing seam metal roof generally lasts 50-70 years. Stone-coated steel shingles or metal shakes may last 30-50 years. Copper and zinc roofs can last 100+ years.
Asphalt shingles in comparison typically last 15-25 years before needing replacement. On longevity alone, metal roofing is the clear winner over conventional asphalt shingles.
Are metal roofs energy efficient?
Metal roofs can be very energy efficient thanks to reflective coatings, above sheathing ventilation, and the integration of rigid foam insulation within roof panels. Radiant barriers and cool roof coatings on metal roofing also reduce cooling costs.
A white reflective metal roof may lower roof temperature by up to 45°F versus traditional shingles. The result is less heat transfer into the attic and lower air conditioning demands.
Do metal roofs attract lightning?
A metal roof does not attract lightning strikes any more than a shingle roof or other building components would. However, metal roofing can have benefits once lightning hits a structure.
The conductive metal panels allow lightning to quickly and evenly disperse into the ground. A metal roof can actually help protect a building from lightning damage due to this rapid dissipation effect.
Can a metal roof be installed over shingles?
Yes, metal roofing can be installed over existing asphalt shingle roofing in many cases. The shingles act as a substrate to install battens and metal panels overtop. This saves time and disposal costs compared to a full shingle tear-off.
As long as the roof structure is sound, there are typically no issues installing a new metal roof over shingles. The only caveat is that flat metal panels need minimum slope requirements met for proper drainage.
How much does a 3,000 sq. ft. metal roof cost?
For a simple gable roof of 3,000 square feet, installed costs often range from $15,000-25,000 for architectural grade steel panels or stone-coated steel shingles. Standing seam metal roofs would be $20,000-35,000. More premium metals like copper would exceed $50,000.
Costs vary based on metal type, roof pitch, accessibility, regional labor rates, customization, and other project-specific factors. Get multiple professional estimates for your specific roof to learn more accurate pricing.
How noisy is rain on a metal roof?
Rain noise on bare metal panels can be similar to shingles, but metal roofs also amplify and resonate the sound more. Today’s best practices with roof deck insulation, sound damping underlayments, and eliminating protruding fasteners have significantly reduced noise levels for modern metal roofs.
Durability and aesthetic appeal are now the main reasons homeowners choose metal over noise concerns that have been largely mitigated with modern materials and installation methods. The rain noise on metal is often considered pleasant and relaxing rather than a drawback.
Can metal roof colors fade over time?
Quality metal roof coatings are formulated to resist UV degradation and color fading for 30 years or longer. However, very gradual fading may still be noticeable over decades.
Periodic recoating can restore original colors to a faded metal roof.