Fence installation is an important home improvement project that can enhance your property’s function, security, and aesthetics. Proper planning and execution are essential to ensure your new fence looks great and lasts for years to come. This comprehensive guide provides homeowners with everything they need to know about installing a fence.
Choosing the Right Fence Type
Choosing the right fence design and materials for your needs and preferences is the first key decision. Consider these main factors when selecting a fence type:
Purpose
- Privacy – Solid fences like wood, vinyl, composite or concrete block are best for maximizing privacy.
- Security – Chain link, wrought iron and aluminum offer security with visibility. Electric and barbed wire fences also deter intruders.
- Pet containment – fences should be tall enough with small, narrow gaps to contain pets.
- Decorative – Options like picket, split rail and ranch add aesthetics over function.
Materials
- Wood – The most popular choice; naturally beautiful but requires maintenance. Cedar and redwood are naturally rot-resistant woods.
- Vinyl – No maintenance required; more affordable than wood. Can become brittle in extreme cold.
- Aluminum – Durable, rust-resistant and low maintenance. Industrial look.
- Wrought iron – Classic, decorative look but requires more maintenance than vinyl or aluminum.
- Chain link – Inexpensive option good for security. Customize with privacy slats.
- Composite – Often made of wood and plastic for natural look with less maintenance.
- Concrete block/brick – Extremely durable but higher cost than other materials.
- Metal wire mesh – Affordable security choice but less decorative.
Height
- Measure local ordinances on allowed fence heights before choosing.
- Typical heights range from 3-8 feet based on purpose. For privacy, 6 feet is ideal.
- Consider sightlines from your home and neighbors when selecting height.
Appearance
- Choose materials and designs that complement your home’s existing architectural style.
- Stain or color for customization on wood and composite fences.
Budget
- Prices per linear foot range widely based on material from $15-100+. Factor in total project size.
- Wood, vinyl and composite tend to be mid-range while wrought iron, aluminum and masonry are premium.
Planning Your Fence Layout
Careful planning of the layout before installation is crucial to maximizing your fence’s functionality.
Property Lines
- Confirm exact property lines before designing layout to avoid encroaching on neighbors.
- Review plat surveys, use string lines or consider a professional survey to verify.
Gates
- Plan for each access point to the yard. Double gates for wider openings.
- Allow for clearance based on gate swing direction. Sliding gates require less space.
Local Regulations
- Research local zoning laws, such as setback requirements and allowed materials.
- A permit may be required; always check regulations before building.
Measure Precisely
- Accurately measure the full perimeter to calculate linear feet needed for materials.
- Account for slopes and irregularities that require extra fencing.
Design Functionality
- Maximize privacy and security by avoiding gaps and planning strategic heights.
- Ensure pool fences meet all safety codes. Leave space for maintenance access.
- Draw plans to visualize layout. Have underground utilities marked before digging.
Preparing the Site
Proper site preparation is imperative for proper fence installation and longevity.
Clear Vegetation
- Clear at least 12 inches on either side of planned fence lines of all grass, plants and debris.
Level Uneven Ground
- Eliminate dips, hills and holes that interfere with level installation.
- Use gravel, dirt or sand to fill low spots. Compact and flatten.
Remove Obstacles
- Take out old fences, stumps, rocks and any other impediments in the installation space.
Mark Layout
- Use spray paint or stakes to mark all planned post hole locations for accurate digging.
- Check lines are level and verify desired layout before digging.
Call 811 Before Digging
- Free underground utility locator service helps avoid hitting any buried pipes or wires.
- Wait the required period after calling before digging on site.
Choosing Fence Posts
Fence posts provide the essential supporting structure and must be designed properly to handle the load.
Post Types
- Wood – Most common traditional choice, pressure treated for durability. Susceptible to moisture damage over time.
- Concrete – Heavy and durable permanent option. Requires deeper holes.
- Metal – Long lasting steel or aluminum posts. Must be set in concrete. More expensive.
Post Size
- Larger diameter required for longer spans between posts.
- 4×4 inch wood and 2-3 inch steel or aluminum standard for typical 6 foot privacy fences.
Post Spacing
- Space evenly every 6-8 feet for most fencing. Closer for heavy materials like concrete, masonry or iron.
- Expand spacing on level ground. Reduce for slopes or soft soil.
Post Depth
- Set at least 2-3 feet deep into ground or below frost line for stability. Deeper for loose soils.
- Extra depth and concrete reinforcement useful in colder climates with frost heave.
Digging Post Holes
Digging proper holes is critical for structural integrity.
Hole Size
- Diameter should be 2-3 times the fence post width. Ex: 8-12 inches for typical 4×4 wood.
- Depth is a minimum of 2-3 feet, or below frost line for your climate zone.
Spacing
- Measure and mark consistent spacing between holes based on planned layout.
- Span 6-8 feet between holes for most standard privacy fences.
Hole Positioning
- Double check measurements to ensure holes line up accurately down each run.
- Adjust markings if necessary to correct before digging.
Digging Process
- Use a post hole digger or power auger for easiest digging, especially in hard soils.
- Make clean, vertical holes – widen gradually toward the bottom if needed.
- Clear all loose dirt from holes.
Setting Fence Posts
Installing the posts plumb and properly braced is key for strength.
Plumb and Level
- Check each post with a level while positioning. Adjust to stand perfectly plumb.
- Place shims underneath to level if the soil depth varies.
Post Positioning
- For wood, place the best side facing out if there is a bad edge. Stagger rough edges.
- For concrete, the thicker side should be closest to the most visible side.
Bracing
- Securely brace end and corner posts with additional wood braces or concrete to provide strength.
- Use bracing boards nailed to posts temporarily during construction.
Backfill
- Fill hole partially with concrete up to 2-3 inches below grade if desired. Gravel optional.
- Pack soil tightly around posts as you fill holes to stabilize.
- Crown soil around posts sloping down for drainage.
Attaching Fence Panels
Connect fencing between posts with proper techniques for each material type.
Allow Space for Expansion
- Wood and composite fencing expands and contracts with moisture changes.
- Leave small gaps between boards and 1 inch gap from soil.
Use Proper Hardware
- Galvanized screws, bolts and nails resist corrosion. Avoid uncoated steel.
- Follow manufacturer specs for hardware types, sizes and spacing.
Follow Heights Precisely
- Use string lines between posts to guide consistent panel heights.
- Adjust post heights gradually to account for sloping ground.
Secure Thoroughly
- Attach panels at every point of contact with posts and rails using multiple fasteners.
- Check for loose spots and boards; re-tighten hardware over time if needed.
Wood and Composite Techniques
- Allow proper spacing between boards for drainage and expansion.
- Stagger end joints between boards for smoother look.
- Pre-drill holes to prevent splitting, especially near ends.
Vinyl and Metal Fencing
- Fit precisely into posts and slide rails into channels. May need rubber mallet.
- Follow specific instructions for that fencing system’s connectors.
Masonry and Iron
- Requires welding, bolting, mortaring or tying wire to affix panels to posts.
- Get help from experienced pros for these specialized techniques.
Installing Gates
Adding a gate requires precise measuring, leveling and hardware.
Gate Posts
- Use larger, heavier duty posts stabilized in concrete to handle gate weight.
- Additional bracing boards further strengthen gate posts.
Location
- Gates need to be fully in your property to swing inward without hitting public paths.
- Ensure adequate clearance from any external and internal obstructions.
Measurements
- Make the gate frame slightly smaller than the full opening.
- Factor in size of fence posts and gate hardware hinges.
Level and Plumb
- Hang gate only after verifying posts are perfectly plumb and tops are level.
Hardware Heights
- Hinges and latches must align precisely for smooth operation. Follow manufacturer instructions.
- Allow 1-2” clearance between bottom of gate and ground.
Double Gates
- Include a gate stop post and drop rods to hold gates aligned when closed.
- Position overhanging drop rod sleeves correctly for tight closure.
Finishing Options
Finish and customize your fence to suit your home’s style.
Wood Stain
- Enhance and protect wood fence’s natural pattern and texture.
- Semi-transparent is best for highlighting the grain.
- Use coating rated for exterior fences, not deck stain.
Paint
- Any material can be painted for a bold, consistent look.
- Use exterior fence paint for wood, vinyl, metal and masonry.
Landscaping
- Soften fence lines with plantings of vines, shrubs and trees.
- Avoid planting right against fence to prevent moisture damage. Leave 12 inch gap.
Decorative Touches
- Affix decorative solar caps to posts for accent.
- Incorporate arbors, trellises or post caps.
Maintaining Your Fence
Regular maintenance preserves your fence’s functionality and aesthetics.
Inspect Frequently
- Walk fence lines to check for damage, weathering, loose boards, soil erosion and intruding plants.
- Repair issues immediately to prevent escalation.
Clean Periodically
- Wash vinyl, composite, metal and masonry fencing with soap and water to remove dirt, mildew and buildup.
- Use a pressure washer gently to avoid damaging wood.
Seal Wood Fences
- Apply new protective stain or sealer every 1-2 years based on wear.
- Look for faded color, cracking, splintering and mold growth.
Tighten Hardware
- Replace any damaged or loose screws, nails, bolts and hinges.
- Check connections at posts, gates and panel joints.
Drainage and Erosion
- Re-grade and fill soil that has sunk or eroded around posts.
- Clear dirt and vegetation to maintain small gaps around fence bottom.
Level and Plumb
- Periodically check posts and gates for leaning or sagging.
- Re-level and re-set posts in concrete that have shifted.
Hiring a Professional
Fence installation is complex and potentially dangerous. Consider hiring a professional for quality results with less effort.
Saves Time and Labor
- Professionals have the manpower, tools and efficiency to complete projects faster.
Expert Installation
- Qualified contractors properly assess your property, meet codes, and execute the best installation process.
Material Knowledge
- Contractors are familiar with all the fence products on the market and their applications.
Accurate Layout
- Experienced companies can expertly measure and design the optimal fence layout for your yard.
Problem Solving Skills
- Contractors are prepared to troubleshoot unforeseen issues like difficult soils and changing elevations.
Safety
- Professionals know how to safely operate required heavy machinery like augers, trenchers and post pounders.
Warranties
- Reputable companies offer multi-year warranties and guarantees for total peace of mind.
Fence Installation Costs
Average costs vary based on fence materials, height and terrain difficulty.
- Wood: $15-40 per linear foot
- Chain Link: $8-20 per linear foot
- Vinyl: $15-35 per linear foot
- Composite: $25-50 per linear foot
- Aluminum: $20-60 per linear foot
- Wrought Iron: $60-100 per linear foot
- Masonry/Concrete Block: $40-100 per linear foot
Get multiple quotes to compare pricing. Look for contractors that offer guarantees and responsive customer service.
Fence Installation Process
Properly installing a new fence typically involves the following end-to-end process:
- Research local regulations and get permit if required.
- Select ideal fence type, height, materials and style for your needs.
- Accurately measure full perimeter.
- Draw layout plan with post spacing and gate locations.
- Call 811 and mark utilities.
- Prepare and clear installation area.
- Dig post holes based on layout.
- Install and brace posts properly.
- Attach fencing panels between posts.
- Install gates with hardware.
- Apply protective finish coating if desired.
- Seal gaps and test for security.
- Maintain periodically with repairs, sealing and cleaning.
With the right planning and materials, installing a new fence can significantly enhance the functionality and aesthetic of your property. Use this comprehensive guide to tackle your fence installation project like an expert.
Frequently Asked Questions About Fence Installation
Many homeowners have additional questions when installing a new fence. Here are answers to some of the most common fence FAQs:
How long does a fence installation take?
The fence installation timeline can range from 1-4 days depending on the length and complexity. Professional crews typically install about 100 linear feet per day.
What tools do I need to install a fence?
Basic tools include post hole diggers, shovel, wheelbarrow, circular saw, nail gun, chainsaw, hammer, level, power auger, concrete mixer, and post driver. Have protective equipment like gloves, goggles and dust masks.
How deep should fence posts be set?
Fence posts should extend 2-3 feet into the ground and below the frost line. This often means digging holes 3-4 feet deep unless you encounter bedrock. Deeper depths provide more stability in loose, sandy soils.
What is the best spacing between fence posts?
6-8 feet is the typical spacing between posts for most privacy fences. The width between posts can be expanded on level ground up to 10 feet, but reduce spacing on slopes or soft soils.
Should fence posts be set in concrete?
Concrete is not required, but recommended for added stability especially for end, corner and gate posts. Use concrete 2-3 feet deep and pack soil around remainder of post.
How much does it cost to install a chain link fence?
On average, chain link fence installation costs $8-20 per linear foot including materials and professional installation. Higher end with privacy slats. Cost depends on height and terrain.
What size gate opening do I need?
For single gates, a 3 foot opening provides comfortable passage. Go wider if frequent vehicle or equipment access needed. For double gates, each gate is typically 3-6 feet wide.
How do I remove an old fence?
Take down wood fencing by removing boards then pulling posts manually or with a truck and chains. Cut metal fence posts at ground level. Consider renting an auger or backhoe to remove embedded posts.
I hope this comprehensive guide to planning and executing your fence installation project from start to finish helps ensure success. Let me know if you have any other fence installation questions!
Conclusion
Installing a fence is an involved process that requires careful planning, material selection, proper tools, and quality installation techniques for professional-looking results. Homeowners can successfully manage fencing projects on their own with enough preparation or by hiring a skilled fencing contractor for worry-free quality. Use this guide covering everything from layout planning to maintenance tips as your go-to fence installation resource. Properly executing each step means your new fence will not only enhance the beauty of your landscape but also provide security, privacy and protection for your home and family for decades to come.