Installing an asphalt driveway is a complex project that requires proper planning, high-quality materials, and skillful execution. With the right approach, you can create a smooth, durable, and attractive driveway. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know to successfully install an asphalt driveway yourself or hire the right contractor.
Introduction
An asphalt driveway provides many benefits over other driveway surfaces like concrete or gravel. Asphalt is cost-effective, low-maintenance, and provides a smooth surface for driving and walking. With proper installation and care, an asphalt driveway can last over 20 years.
Installing asphalt is labor-intensive work. The process involves excavating and grading the soil, compacting a stone base layer, applying and compacting hot asphalt mix, and adding the right sealcoat finish. While doable for a dedicated DIYer, most homeowners opt to hire professional paving contractors to handle their asphalt driveway installation.
This guide covers the key steps, preparation work, materials, tools, and costs involved in installing a new asphalt driveway. With the information here, you’ll understand the asphalt driveway construction process and be able to make informed decisions about tackling the project yourself or hiring it out. Let’s start by looking at the key steps involved.
Steps for Installing an Asphalt Driveway
Installing an asphalt driveway is a multi-stage process requiring careful attention to detail. The key steps include:
Site Evaluation and Planning
- Evaluate the site layout, slope, drainage, and dimensions for the driveway.
- Decide on the driveway’s placement, shape, width, length, and thickness.
- Determine if the soil and vegetation need to be removed or can be worked around.
- Plan out the subbase construction, location of retention walls or edging, and any drainage requirements.
Subbase Installation
- Excavate soil to reach stable subgrade soil.
- Compact and level the subgrade.
- Install geotextile fabric over subgrade.
- Place and compact gravel subbase in 4″ lifts.
- Ensure 4-6” final compacted depth for subbase.
Asphalt Base Layer
- Apply tack coat over subbase.
- Place and compact 2-3” thick base layer of hot asphalt mix.
Asphalt Top Layer
- Apply tack coat over base layer.
- Place and compact 1-2” top layer of asphalt mix.
- Smooth with rakes and lute for uniform finish.
Sealing and Finishing
- Let asphalt cure for 6 months before sealing.
- Clean driveway and apply asphalt sealer.
- Paint edges and add reflective markers as needed.
Proper planning, high-quality materials, and careful process execution are crucial for achieving lasting results. Now let’s look at each step in more detail.
Planning Your Asphalt Driveway
Careful planning prevents problems down the road with your asphalt driveway’s function and appearance. Consider these factors when deciding on the design:
Location and Layout
- Account for space needed for maneuvering vehicles into garages, gates, and parking areas.
- Minimize tight curves and steep slopes which can lead to pavement cracks and holes.
- Ensure adequate drainage slope of 1–2% grade leading away from buildings.
Dimensions
- Make the driveway at least 8 to 12 feet wide for safe access.
- Keep straight sections long enough for your vehicles, at least 20 feet.
- Slope the edges of the driveway down to prevent water pooling.
Material Thickness
- Use 4-6” compacted subbase, 2-3” asphalt base layer, and 1-2” asphalt top.
- Increase thickness to 6” subbase and 3” asphalt for heavy vehicles or cold climates.
Asphalt Type
- Standard hot mix asphalt provides the smoothest, most cost-effective driveway.
- Porous asphalt allows drainage but requires extra maintenance.
- Recycled asphalt is also an eco-friendly, budget option.
Retention Walls and Edging
- Use concrete or landscape timber to create retention walls and prevent erosion.
- Install plastic or metal edging between asphalt and grass or flower beds.
Proper planning also involves selecting reputable materials and experienced contractors if hiring out the work.
Preparing the Site
The first construction steps involve preparing the site for your new asphalt driveway. This includes:
Clearing Existing Surfaces
Remove any existing concrete, vegetation, tree roots, or debris from the site. Scrape at least 6 inches down past topsoil and organic material.
Excavating and Grading
Dig down to reach stable subgrade soil, typically 8-12 inches below topsoil. The subgrade should be compacted and leveled to 1-2% slope using an excavator or backhoe.
Soil Compaction
Compacting the exposed subgrade soil is vital for preventing the driveway from settling and cracking. Use a vibrating plate compactor, making multiple passes until uniform compaction is reached.
Adding Retention Walls
Install landscape timber, concrete, or brick retention walls at this stage next to areas that need to be backfilled or extra support.
Proper grading and soil compaction provide the stable foundation needed for constructing the stone and asphalt layers. Drainage and erosion control measures may also be needed before construction continues.
Installing the Subbase
The subbase is a 4-6 inch layer of compacted gravel or crushed stone that provides structural support for the asphalt driveway. Follow these steps to install it correctly:
Add Geotextile Fabric
Line the prepared subgrade with geotextile fabric. This stabilizes the soil and prevents fine particles from migrating up into the subbase. Overlap seams by 12-18 inches.
Choose Subbase Material
Use 3/4” or 1” crushed stone aggregate for the subbase. This gravel packs tightly while allowing water drainage. Recycled concrete aggregate is a budget option.
Install in Lifts
Spread the subbase gravel in 4-inch compacted lifts, building up to the needed thickness in layers. Compact each lift fully before adding the next.
Compact Subbase
Run a vibrating plate compactor or rent a vibrating roller to achieve maximum compaction. Compact to 95% standard proctor density.
Slope and Level
Use a paving rake, grading rake, or excavator to shape the subbase. Maintain 1-2% slope and check for level using a straight 2×4 and 4-foot level.
A dense, level subbase prevents cracks and dips in the finished asphalt. Inspect for quality and make any corrections before paving.
Paving the Asphalt Base Layer
With the subbase completed, the next step is paving the bottom asphalt layer. This 2-3 inch thick base layer provides additional support and levels out irregularities:
Apply Tack Coat
Cover the subbase with a thin, even layer of liquid asphalt tack coat using a dedicated sprayer. This helps bond the new asphalt layer.
Spread Asphalt Mix
Have hot asphalt mix delivered or use a small batch plant. Use shovels and rakes to distribute, being careful of burning. Asphalt should be 275-300 F.
Compact Asphalt
Use a steel drum roller in static mode for initial compaction. Complete compaction with a vibratory roller to achieve 92-96% maximum density.
Check for Coverage
Asphalt should extend slightly over edges of subbase. Add additional mix as needed before compacting to edges.
The finished base layer should be dense, uniform, and 2-3 inches over the planned driveway area. After it cools fully, the final asphalt layer can be paved.
Applying the Asphalt Top Layer
The last construction step is paving the asphalt top layer, which provides the finished driving surface:
Tack Coat and Asphalt Mix
Apply another light tack coat over the base layer before paving to maximize bonding. Use high-quality 1/2” or 3/8” asphalt mix for best smoothness and durability.
Asphalt Application
Spread mix using rakes and lute, leaving it 1/8-1/4 inches above final height for compacting. Pay attention to slope and grade.
Smooth and Compact
Use rakes and lute to smooth asphalt before rolling. Make multiple passes with steel drum roller in static then vibratory mode.
Check for Defects
Look for low spots, depressions, or surface damage after compaction. Use rakes or lute to smooth and make corrections.
The top layer should be 1-2 inches thick and carefully leveled, with no bumps or depressions. Allow the asphalt to fully cure before opening for use.
Sealing and Finishing Asphalt
Sealing and properly finishing your asphalt driveway protects the surface and improves aesthetics:
Cure Time
Allow asphalt to cure untouched for 5-7 days. It takes up to 6 months to fully cure, so wait at least that long before sealing.
Clean Surface
Use a pressure washer or stiff broom to remove dirt, debris, oil drips, and other residue from the driveway before sealing.
Apply Asphalt Sealer
Use a professional-quality emulsion sealer suitable for driveways. Use a squeegee then back roller to evenly coat the surface.
Paint Edges
Paint asphalt edges black or add a grayscale border using latex driveway sealer to improve appearance once cured.
Add Reflective Markers
Place reflective markers along the driveway edges and curves for visibility. Secure them properly with adhesive or screws.
Sealing and detailing finishes off your asphalt driveway properly so it cures correctly and maintains its appearance. Maintain the sealcoat every 1-3 years.
Asphalt Driveway Construction Materials
Quality materials are essential for the durability and appearance of your finished asphalt driveway. Here are the key materials needed:
- Asphalt – Use hot mix asphalt meeting DOT specifications for your region. Have it delivered hot or use a portable batch plant.
- Base Aggregate – 3/4” or 1” crushed stone with 90% fractured faces provides an ideal subbase.
- Geotextile Fabric – Use a woven or non-woven geotextile fabric to line the prepared subbase.
- Tack Coat – Asphalt emulsion tack coats used between layers improve bonding.
- Asphalt Sealcoat – Protect the finished surface with a high-quality acrylic, coal tar, or asphalt emulsion sealant.
- Edging – Install plastic, metal, or landscape edging to define borders.
- Retention Walls – Concrete, brick, or landscape timber can create retaining walls.
Only use top-quality materials from reputable suppliers. Avoid cheap or recycled substitutes that won’t perform as well or last as long.
Asphalt Driveway Construction Equipment
Installing asphalt requires having the right equipment available to place, spread, and compact it properly. Here’s a look at must-have equipment:
- Excavator or Backhoe – For excavating soil and loading materials. Can also help grade.
- Vibratory Plate Compactor – Essential for achieving proper subgrade and subbase compaction.
- Vibratory Roller – Provides excellent compaction for the asphalt layers. Rent if needed.
- Asphalt Rake – Used to evenly spread asphalt prior to compacting. Can also help smooth surface.
- Lute or Come-Along – Helps pull and smooth asphalt when paving top layer.
- Wheelbarrow – For carrying and distributing asphalt from delivery trucks.
- Shovels – Needed for spreading asphalt manually before raking in place. Use hard plastic or fiberglass types.
- Utility Knife – Useful for trimming geotextile fabric sheets.
Having the right tools for each step of the installation process is essential for high-quality results. Don’t skimp on renting vibrating compactors and other powered equipment when needed.
Installing an Asphalt Driveway Yourself
Installing your own asphalt driveway is an ambitious DIY project, but certainly possible for motivated homeowners with pavement construction know-how. Here are some tips:
- Take time to plan thoroughly and prepare the site – don’t rush into paving.
- Rent equipment like a vibrating roller and backhoe to simplify pressing tasks.
- Start small by paving a 12×20 ft straight section as a learning experience.
- Recruit an experienced friend to check base preparation, slope, and other variables.
- Focus on compacting each layer fully before moving ahead.
- Be meticulous about smoothing the top layer before compaction.
- Expect a learning curve – research extensively and allow extra time.
- Keep safety top of mind when handling hot asphalt and heavy equipment.
With careful planning, proper process execution, and persistence through the learning curve, you can pave your own quality asphalt driveway. Make sure to allow extra time and budget for equipment rentals, materials, and potential mistakes.
Hiring an Asphalt Paving Contractor
Due to the specialized tools and experience required, most homeowners hire professional paving companies to install their new asphalt driveway. Here’s how to choose the right contractor:
Research Experience
Look for established local paving contractors with at least 5-10 years of proven experience. View examples of their work.
Verify Proper Licensing
Choose a company that is licensed, bonded, and insured for liability, workers’ compensation, and vehicle coverage.
Check References
Ask for and contact references to verify their satisfaction with the contractor’s pricing, workmanship, and professionalism.
Review Materials
Find out where they source asphalt and other materials from. Make sure they only use high-quality, durable products.
Compare Bids
Get at least 3 itemized bids and compare costs. Make sure all details of your desired project are covered.
Understand Warranties
Ask about warranties and guarantees covering both materials and workmanship. A 5-year minimum is ideal.
Hiring reputable asphalt paving contractors means you can be confident they have the skills and experience to complete your driveway properly. Verify licenses, check references, and review warranties for assurance.
Asphalt Driveway Costs
Asphalt driveway costs depend on many variables, especially the size and complexity of the project. Here are typical price ranges:
- $3 – $7 per sq. ft. for just asphalt material and installation labor for a basic driveway repaving job.
- $7 – $15 per sq. ft. for a complete driveway replacement including excavation and subbase work.
- $5,000 – $15,000 for a typical long, 2-car, two lane driveway measuring about 1200 sq. ft.
- $1 – $3 per sq. ft. more for complex designs, drainage work, retention walls, etc.
- $100 – $300 extra for color coating instead of basic black asphalt.
- 15% – 25% cost premiums for working in remote locations.
Get detailed quotes from at least 3 local paving companies, and remember – bids should be very close if contractors are quoting for the same scope of work. Discuss getting credited for overages if your project comes in under projected costs.
Asphalt Driveway Maintenance
With proper installation and ongoing maintenance, an asphalt driveway can last 20-30 years. Follow these tips for maximum driveway life:
- Reseal coat every 1-3 years to protect from sun damage and moisture.
- Avoid gasoline and oil chemical spills that can degrade asphalt.
- Fill in cracks and minor holes using asphalt patch products.
- Snowplow carefully to avoid scraping off surface material.
- Remove leaves and debris to prevent vegetative growth.
- Keep drainage ditches, gutters, and runoff areas clear.
- Use deicer salts minimally and only when needed.
With regular resealing, prompt repairs, and preventative maintenance, your asphalt driveway can maintain its smooth surface and visual appeal for decades.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does a new asphalt driveway last?
With proper installation and ongoing maintenance, an asphalt driveway can last 20 to 30 years or longer. The lifespan depends on climate factors, traffic volume, and the quality of materials and construction.
Does asphalt add value to a home?
Quality asphalt driveways do boost a home’s value compared to gravel driveways. However, concrete is generally viewed as a more upscale material. Still, asphalt is attractive and economical, making it a sound investment.
Is it cheaper to pave or concrete a driveway?
Asphalt is significantly less expensive than concrete for the driveway surface itself. However, excavation and subbase costs are similar. In total, an asphalt driveway usually costs around 25% less than concrete.
Can you pave over gravel or concrete?
Yes, existing gravel or concrete can be paved over with asphalt. The old surface just needs to be prepared properly through cleaning, repairs, and application of tack coat so the new asphalt bonds sufficiently.
How thick should asphalt be for a driveway?
A typical driveway should have a 4-6 inch gravel subbase layered with 3-4 inches of asphalt. The asphalt is poured in 2 layers – a 2-3 inch base layer, topped by a 1-2 inch surface layer.
How soon can you park on new asphalt?
It’s best to avoid parking vehicles on the driveway and allow the asphalt to cure untouched for at least 5-