Building a horizontal fence, also known as a crossbuck fence, can add charm and character to your outdoor space. With its simple, rustic look, a horizontal fence is perfect for a farm, cottage garden, or casual backyard. While constructing a horizontal fence takes time and effort, the handsome finished product is worth it. Follow this step-by-step guide to learn how to build your own horizontal fence.
Choose the Right Location
When deciding where to install your horizontal fence, consider the layout of your yard and how the fence will be used. Some ideal locations include:
- Defining garden beds or dividing sections of the yard
- Framing a focal point like a garden shed or water feature
- Enclosing a play area, dog run, or pool
- Bordering a patio or walkway
- Separating a vegetable garden from a grassy area
Take measurements to determine the exact length and layout of your fence. Place stakes around the perimeter to mark the fence line. Check local regulations on fence height and setbacks from property lines.
Select Your Materials
Building a horizontal fence requires just a few key materials:
Posts
Wood fence posts are available in a variety of wood types, like cedar, redwood, and pine. Choose rot-resistant posts rated for in-ground contact. The required diameter and depth depends on the height of your fence. Taller fences need wider, deeper posts.
Boards
Horizontal fence boards are commonly made of wood but vinyl and other materials are options too. Cedar and redwood offer natural rot resistance. For wood boards, choose 1×4, 1×6, or 1×8 boards depending on the spacing and look you want. Wider boards placed closer together create a more privacy.
Fasteners
Use galvanized or stainless steel screws and nails specifically designed for fencing. For extra strength, use screws to attach the boards.
Concrete
Mix concrete to pour the post holes for a sturdy base. Gravel can also be used at the base of the holes for drainage under the posts.
Set the Post Holes
Dig holes for the fence posts at least 2-3 feet deep and about twice the width of the post diameter. Space the holes 6-8 feet apart, less for shorter sections. Clear any debris from the holes. Place a layer of gravel at the bottom for drainage.
Determine the length of each post above ground, allowing for the fence board thickness. Cut 4×4 pressure-treated posts to length. Put the posts in the holes, holding them steady and plumb. Have helpers temporarily brace the posts with boards.
Mix concrete per package directions and pour into each hole around the post. Fill until 2-3″ below grade. Tamp the concrete in place with a rod or board. Check that posts are plumb and square as the concrete sets. Allow a full curing time before building the rest of the fence.
Attach the Fence Boards
Once the concrete has cured on your posts, you’re ready to attach the horizontal fence boards. Use a chalk line snapped between posts to mark board position. Here are two options for fastening the boards:
Screws
Position boards against the posts where desired. Drill pilot holes through the boards at each post intersection. Secure boards with 3-4″ galvanized or stainless screws, two per post.
Nails
Nail horizontal fence boards every 12-16 inches along the posts using 6d galvanized nails. Use two nails per board at each post. For easier nailing, pre-drill the nail holes.
Allow a 1/4″ gap between boards for drainage and wood movement. Stagger the boards for a pleasing look. Use scrap wood spacers during installation to get even gaps.
Finish the Wood (Optional)
For added weather protection and color, apply an exterior wood finish. Allow the wood to dry out after installation. Then apply a natural oil-based stain, semi-transparent stain, or paint with primer:
- Stain: Penetrating oil stain adds minimal color while allowing the grain to show. Semi-transparent stains add more pigment while letting some grain show through. Multiple coats can achieve the depth of color you want.
- Paint: After priming all sides of the wood, apply two coats of exterior paint for full weather protection and opaque color.
Follow application and dry time directions for the product used. Finishing the boards before installation can be easier, but then cut board ends will be unprotected. Regular refinishing helps maintain the wood.
Installing a Gate
To create an opening in your horizontal fence, add a simple gate. This involves a few extra steps:
- Set the gate posts farther in from the ends of the fence run to allow for gate swing clearance.
- Install a gate post on each side of the opening. Make sure they are aligned and plumb.
- Mount gate hardware per manufacturer instructions. Hinges go on one post, a latch on the other.
- Build the gate to the desired size from wood boards to match the fence height and design.
- Hang the gate between posts and test operation. Make any needed adjustments.
Maintenance Tips
A properly installed horizontal wood fence can last for decades. Follow these tips to keep it looking its best:
- Inspect annually for loose, cracked or warped boards. Replace as needed with matching wood.
- Refasten any loose screws or nails. Look for post movement or concrete cracks.
- Clean with a power washer on low pressure. Allow wood to dry before sealing or staining.
- Re-apply exterior finish every 2-4 years. Look for wear and bare wood.
- Trim back any nearby trees or bushes touching the fence.
- Clear debris and dirt from between boards to allow drainage.
With its carefree rustic style, a horizontal fence brings charm and versatility to gardens, yards, and other outdoor living spaces. Though it requires more upfront work than a privacy fence, the handsome finished look is worth the effort. Follow the techniques outlined here and you can DIY a long-lasting horizontal fence that adds visual interest and useful function to your property.
Frequently Asked Questions About Building a Horizontal Fence
Building your own horizontal fence is a satisfying DIY project. But it’s normal to have lots of questions before getting started. Here are answers to some of the most common queries about constructing this iconic outdoor structure.
How much space do I need for a horizontal fence?
The amount of space needed depends on the length of your fence run. As a general rule, plan on 2 feet of width along the fence line. This allows room to dig the post holes and maneuver during construction. If installing a gate or including decorative elements, allow extra width.
What tools do I need to build a horizontal fence?
You’ll need basic tools like:
- Tape measure
- Level
- Shovel
- Post hole digger
- Drill
- Sledgehammer or post pounder
- Saw (chop saw, miter saw, etc)
- Safety equipment (gloves, goggles, etc)
Renting equipment like an auger or power tamper can make digging the holes easier.
How far apart should fence posts be spaced?
On average, space the posts between 6-8 feet apart. Closer spacing provides more stability but uses more posts. Wider spacing requires larger diameter posts. The exact distance depends on your planned fence height and post size. Follow spacing guidelines for the lumber you choose.
What is the best type of wood for a horizontal fence?
Cedar and redwood are top choices because they resist rot and insects naturally. Avoid pine since it decays more readily. Use pressure-treated posts in ground contact. For boards, choose a material that suits your budget like cedar, redwood, treated wood or vinyl.
Should I dig fence post holes by hand or rent an auger?
Renting a powered auger makes digging much easier, especially if installing dozens of posts. But for a smaller project, hand tools will get the job done. Hire extra help for digging if needed.
How deep should I set the fence posts?
As a rule of thumb, set posts 2-3 feet deep or 1/3 the above ground height. Deeper is better for stability. In very loose or wet soil, use concrete to set the posts versus backfill dirt.
What is the easiest way to space the fence boards evenly?
Use small scrap wood spacers cut to the desired width when fastening the boards. Remove the spacers after securing each board. Consistent gapping delivers a professional look.
Should I seal or stain my horizontal fence?
Sealing is highly recommended but optional. Stain adds color while protecting the wood. An oil-based stain seals out moisture while showing wood grain. Paint provides maximum protection and color options. Proper prep work helps any finish last longer.
How do I determine the size and quantity of materials needed?
Make an accurate measure of the total linear footage to enclose. Buy posts long enough for the desired height above ground. Allow for gates if needed. For boards, divide total linear footage by the standard board length to determine quantity. Consider adding 10% extra to allow for mistakes and waste.
Building your own horizontal wood fence is an extremely gratifying DIY project. Following the instructions here will help you complete this iconic structure with quality results. Don’t be intimidated by the process. Take it one step at a time until you can enjoy the handsome rustic fence you created.
Conclusion
A horizontal fence brings old-fashioned charm along with versatility to properties and landscapes. By following the techniques described here, you can successfully build your own horizontal fence as a DIY project. With sturdy fence posts concreted into the ground, high-quality wood boards properly positioned and secured, and a finished look using paint or stain, you’ll have an outdoor asset to enjoy for years. Although constructing a horizontal fence requires more labor and skill than installing a typical privacy fence, it’s a project that’s well within reach of an intermediate DIYer. The end result is a handsome, rustic fence that provides decor as well as practical function for your outdoor space.
So don’t hesitate to get started planning and constructing your own horizontal fence. Determine an ideal location, select durable materials, dig strong post holes to set your supports, and fasten quality wood boards in neat rows. Include a matching gate if needed. Follow tips for maximum weather resistance. Then stand back and admire the timeless beauty your new DIY horizontal fence adds to any backyard, garden, or landscape.