How to Build a Screened-in Porch From Scratch

Adding a screened-in porch to your home can provide a comfortable outdoor living space protected from insects and the elements. With the right planning and skills, you can build a screened-in porch from the ground up. Here is a comprehensive guide on how to build a screened-in porch from scratch.

Planning Your Screened-In Porch

The first step is to plan out your screened-in porch design. Here are the key factors to consider:

Choose a Location

Consider which side of your house would be best for the porch – factor in sun exposure, views, and access to the indoors.
Ensure the location is level and has proper drainage away from the foundation.
Check for overhead obstructions like power lines or tree branches.
Consider ease of access to electricity and water connections if adding lighting, fans, or irrigation.

Determine the Size

Measure the available space and decide on porch dimensions. Standard sizes range from 10 x 10 feet up to 20 x 20 feet.
Account for stairs/entryways – at least 36 inches wide.
Conform to local building codes for setbacks from property lines.
Maximize views and breeze flow through the space.

Choose a Foundation

A concrete slab, gravel bed, or decking can provide the base.
Concrete provides the most stable and long-lasting foundation.
Decking is easier to install but requires more maintenance.
Foundation should extend below frost line (check local codes).

Pick Materials

Rot-resistant woods like cedar or redwood are ideal for structural framing.
Choose rust-resistant metals and coated woods for screen framing.
Select durable, weather-resistant deck boards for flooring.
Consider glass panels or acrylic sheets for weather protection while allowing light.

Design the Layout

Include entryways, corner posts, roof style, and any custom features.
Decide on a gable, shed, or hip roof design based on aesthetic preference.
Determine electrical, lighting, and ceiling fan placements.
Account for screening, railings, terraces, and exterior finishes.
Hire an architect for complex layouts or to ensure compliance with local building codes.

Obtaining Permits

Before starting construction, be sure to:

Check with your local building department on required permits, codes, and restrictions for porches.
Submit plans for approval if needed – some areas require stamped building plans.
Verify property line setbacks and any homeowners association requirements.
Doing it right will prevent issues down the road!

Preparing the Site

Once your porch plans are approved, prepare the installation site:

Mark the location with stakes and outline the footprint with string lines.
Remove any sod or plants within the footprint.
Grade and level the ground, verify drainage slopes away from the house.
Excavate for the foundation and any piers or footings per plans.
Construct concrete forms if pouring a slab – ensure proper slope.
Install crushed stone base and compact thoroughly.
Hire contractors as needed for specialized foundation work.

Building the Framing

The framing provides the structural skeleton for the screened-in porch:

Install Foundation Posts

Set support posts in holes or on anchor bolts protruding from the slab.
Use metal post anchors for proper alignment and anchoring.
Verify posts are plumb with levels and braces. Backfill with concrete.

Construct Floor Framing

Cut pressure-treated joist lumber to length according to plans.
Attach joists to posts using metal joist hangers.
Add blocking between joists and rim boards along perimeter.

Build Wall Framing

Assemble bottom plates and anchor to foundation with anchor bolts.
Cut studs and construct walls using top/bottom plates and framing nails.
Include headers over openings; install cripple studs as needed.
Erect walls and attach to floor framing by bolting bottom plate or using framing connectors.

Install Ceiling Joists

Measure and cut ceiling joist lengths. Use lookouts where joists intersect walls.
Nail joists alongside or perpendicular to rafter locations.
Match top of ceiling joist to ridge beam height.

Add Rafters

Cut rafters to length at proper angles using a rafter square.
Install collar ties between rafters for structural rigidity.
Anchor rafter ends to ridge beam with hurricane clips.
Install lookouts where rafters meet walls; nail in place.

Include Bracing

Install corner bracing and knee braces for lateral wind resistance.
Attach cross bracing between ceiling joists and rafters.
Verify all connections are secured properly before moving on.

Installing the Roof

Now it’s time to add the roof structure:

Sheath the Roof

Use at least 1/2-inch plywood for sturdy roof sheathing.
Cut sheets to size and install over rafters using overlapping joints.
Use metal H-clips between sheets; nail in place with 8d ring shank nails.

Install Underlayment

Roll out breathable roofing underlayment over the plywood.
Overlap rows by at least 6 inches and extend past roof edges.
Secure underlayment temporarily with staples until roofing installed.

Add Drip Edge

Install metal drip edge along eaves and rake edges.
Overlap pieces by 2-4 inches; use nails or screws to attach.
Drip edge goes under roofing materials and over underlayment.

Shingle the Roof

Start at the bottom edge using full-length starter shingles.
Apply rows of asphalt shingles using proper overlapping technique.
Nail per manufacturer instructions; use chalk lines to keep rows straight.
Use ridge vent system at peak for proper ventilation.
Seal around protrusions like vents with roofing cement.

Install Flashing

Use step flashing pieces at side walls and chimney intersections.
Apply L-shaped drip edge along the roof edge.
Caulk gaps at intersections; avoid unsealed openings.

Adding Screening

Now that the structure is watertight, it’s time to add the screened enclosures:

Frame the Walls

Assemble aluminum or vinyl track rails and anchor to framing.
Insert support columns every 2-3 feet around the perimeter.
Allow space for screened doors and other openings.

Install the Screen Panels

Measure between the tracks and cut screen mesh to size.
Secure the edges in the frame channels with spline inserts.
Use panel adhesive for extra hold; do not make panels too tight.
Insert panels into tracks starting at one end, leaving space for doors.

Add the Ceiling

Run ceiling screen tracks around the perimeter, anchoring into the framing.
Cut panels to size and install in the same manner as the walls.
Use thinner mesh for better overhead visibility and light transmission.

Include Entry Doors

Hang pre-hung exterior doors with brick molding to create screened entries.
Ensure doors swing outwards and have adequate clearance.
Use high-quality hardware, seals, and self-closing hinges for best performance.

Consider Windows/Shutters

Windows or louvered shutters can provide adjustable airflow and visibility.
Use weather-resistant materials like vinyl or fiberglass.
Hinge shutters top and bottom for easy operation.

Installing the Interior Finishes

Apply the interior aesthetic touches:

Add Floor Decking

Choose composite boards, pressure-treated wood, or exterior-grade plywood.
Allow 1/8” gaps between boards for drainage and expansion.
Stagger end joints and secure with two screws per joist.

Include Ceiling Treatment

Tongue and groove boards provide an attractive ceiling.
Paint or stain boards before installing for easier finishing.
A simple painted drywall ceiling is also an option.

Include Lighting

Hardwire exterior fixtures or install plug-in porch lights.
Place lights at entrances and corners for good visibility.
Use energy efficient, weatherproof bulbs and fixtures.
Consider ceiling fans for better airflow.

Add Finishing Touches

Use trim boards around doors, windows, and corner posts for a polished look.
Paint or stain interior elements like trim, railings, and boards.
Install hooks, rods, and storage cabinets as needed.
Consider electrical outlets, speakers, or a wall-mounted TV or fan.

Completing Exterior Finishes

The last step is applying exterior siding and completing the outside appearance:

Install Siding

Choose materials that match or complement your home like clapboard, shingles, etc.
Nail in place over corner boards, window trim, and wall sheathing.
Use flashing behind siding at intersection with roofing.

Add Exterior Trim

Use 1×4 corner boards and window trim for a finished appearance.
Consider crown molding, frieze, and other architectural accents.
Use vinyl or PVC materials for low maintenance.

Paint or Stain

Properly prime and paint or stain siding and trim.
Use exterior grade polyurethane if staining for protection.
Match color scheme to home or use complimentary tones.

Include Exterior Lighting

Post mount or wall sconce lights beside entrances and steps.
Install path lighting or spotlights for visual appeal.
Use photo cells and timers for automated control.

Consider Extra Touches

Flower boxes, planters, and potted plants help blend the space.
Ornamental railings or lattice provide elegant accents.
A backyard water feature or fire pit extends enjoyment of the space.
Built-in bench seating maximizes usable area.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

When building your screened-in porch, beware of these common pitfalls:

Inadequate flashing and seals resulting in leaks.
Failing to meet required building setbacks.
Overlooking electrical and lighting needs.
Undersized footings or posts leading to settling issues.
Not checking for underground pipes or wires before digging.
Incorrect shingle installation that risks wind damage.
Omitting ventilation and airflow considerations.
Using low quality screening material that tears easily.
Skipping codes and permitting requirements.

FAQs

Here are some frequently asked questions about building screened-in porches:

How much does it cost to build a screened-in porch?

Costs can range dramatically based on size, materials, and whether you do the work yourself. Most DIY builds cost $2,000 to $5,000. Hiring a contractor usually costs $15,000 to $25,000.

What size lumber is best for framing a porch?

Use pressure-treated wood for all structural framing. 2x6s or 2x8s are recommended for posts while 2x4s or 2x6s are suitable for beams and joists on standard builds.

Should roof shingles match the house?

Matching roof shingles provide the most seamless look but are not essential. Use similar style shingles in coordinating colors that complement your home’s existing palette.

How do you anchor a porch to an existing house?

Use framing connectors like hurricane ties or clips to securely fasten new framing posts to the home’s rim joist. Lag bolts into the band board also provide sturdy anchors.

What kind of foundation is best?

Poured concrete slabs and footings provide the most stable base. For decking foundations, use concrete piers or screw anchors drilled into the ground. Check local codes for frost line depth requirements.

How do you build steps for a porch?

Outdoor staircases should have proper stringer, tread, and riser construction for safety and code compliance. Pre-fab stairs or kits are also available. Leave at least 36 inches of width.

What size screens should you use?

Fiberglass or vinyl mesh is best for screen panels. Use 18/16 mesh for walls and ceilings, and 20/20 mesh for doors to provide visibility while blocking insects.

How do you waterproof a porch floor?

Choose exterior pressure-treated lumber or composite decking. Allow for drainage gaps between boards. Seal boards with waterproof Deck Restore stain for added protection.

What electrical wiring do you need?

Run wiring for overhead lights, ceiling fans, and outlets as desired before insulation and interior finishes. GFCI outlets are required. Light circuits need a switch accessible from indoors.

How do you decorate a screened in porch?

Use weather-resistant outdoor furniture and accessories. Add pops of color with cushions, rugs, and pillows. Include lighting, plants, ceiling fans, and artwork or photos on the walls. Consider a TV or stereo system.

Conclusion

Building a screened-in porch from the ground up takes careful planning, knowledge of building codes, strong DIY skills, and quality materials. Following this comprehensive guide provides the information you need to successfully construct an enjoyable new living space to relax in the comfort of the outdoors. Pay close attention to structural framing, weatherproofing details, and using proper materials and finishes suited for exterior exposure. With patience and persistence, you can create the backyard oasis you’ve been dreaming about and enjoy for years to come. Just be sure to obtain all necessary permits and have plans reviewed to ensure your porch meets local codes. With the right prep work and skills, you can save substantially compared to hiring a full contractor. So take your time, do it right the first time, and soon you’ll be relaxing on your new custom screened-in porch enjoying the outdoors in insect-free comfort.