Introduction
A leaky faucet can be a nuisance, wasting water and money while steadily dripping day and night. Thankfully, fixing a leaky faucet is usually a quick and straightforward DIY home repair. With a few basic tools and a little know-how, you can stop the drip and restore your faucet to proper working order.
This guide will walk you through the steps for diagnosing and fixing a leaky faucet. We’ll cover the common causes of leaks, the tools and materials you’ll need, and step-by-step instructions for replacing faucet washers, O-rings, and cartridges. With the help of this guide, you’ll be able to tackle that leaky faucet with confidence.
Common Causes of Leaky Faucets
Before we jump into repairs, let’s go over the typical reasons a faucet might leak:
- Worn washers: The most common cause of leaks is worn rubber washers inside the faucet. Over time, the friction wears down the washers so they no longer seal properly. Replacing washers is usually a quick and easy fix.
- Damaged O-rings: Faucets that use O-rings instead of washers can also develop leaks. Cracked or damaged O-rings allow water to pass through. O-rings are also simple and inexpensive to replace.
- Worn valve seats: The faucet valve seats can become corroded, damaged, or misaligned over time, leading to leaks even with new washers/O-rings. Replacing seats and springs requires disassembling the faucet.
- Dripping spout: A leak from the faucet spout is typically due to buildup of mineral deposits that interfere with the spout’s seal. Cleaning the spout is usually all that’s needed.
- Leaking handle: Water coming from where the handle attaches often indicates worn O-rings around the cartridge. Replacing the O-rings should stop the leak.
- Damaged cartridge: Cartridge faucets can leak from age or wear. Replacing the entire cartridge unit will fix the issue in most cases.
Now that we’ve covered the usual suspects, let’s go over what you’ll need to fix that leak.
Tools and Materials
Gather the following tools and materials before getting started:
- Basin wrench: This specialized wrench grips faucet nuts from the side for easy removal in tight quarters.
- Adjustable wrench: A standard adjustable wrench works for loosening nuts and tightening supply lines.
- Silicone lubricant: Helps ease insertion of new washers and parts. Look for a food-grade product.
- Replacement washers: Match the old washers or bring them to the hardware store for an exact fit.
- O-rings: Likewise, match the old rings or bring one for reference.
- Cartridge: Take the make/model if replacing the whole cartridge unit.
- Flashlight: Helps illuminate the small spaces inside the faucet to locate issues.
- Microfiber cloths: For cleaning up drips during the repair process.
- Goggles: Safety glasses protect your eyes from debris when disassembling faucet parts.
With your tools and replacement parts ready, you’re set to tackle that leaky faucet. Make sure to turn off the water supply lines before getting started.
Fixing a Washer Leak
If you’ve determined the leak is coming from worn rubber washers, here are the steps for an easy washer replacement:
1. Turn off water supply
Locate the water supply valves below the sink and turn them clockwise to shut off the water. Test by turning on the faucet briefly—it should not run.
2. Remove faucet handle
Use a screwdriver to remove the handle screw then pry off the handle. Some handles will pull right off while others need some wiggling to loosen them.
3. Unscrew the retaining nut
Use your basin wrench to remove the retaining nut holding the faucet stem in place. Turn counter-clockwise to loosen.
4. Remove stem assembly
With the retaining nut off, you can pull the stem unit straight up and out of the faucet body. Examine it for any cracks or damage.
5. Replace washers
Remove the old washers and slide on the exact replacements. Make sure they’re seated flat in the stem unit.
6. Reinstall stem assembly
Grease the new washers with silicone lube before reinserting the full stem unit into the faucet body.
7. Secure with retaining nut
Tighten the retaining nut clockwise with your basin wrench until everything is snug. Don’t overtighten.
8. Replace handle
Put the faucet handle back in position and secure with the handle screw.
9. Turn water back on
Re-open the supply valves. Check for any drips and tighten connections if needed.
With new washers installed, your faucet should be drip-free again! Turn the faucet on and off a few times to make sure the new washers have a good seal.
Replacing Leaky O-Rings
If the leak is coming from around the valves, worn O-rings are likely the culprit. Here are the steps for replacing leaky O-rings:
1. Shut off water supply
As with washer replacement, start by shutting off the water supply valves under the sink.
2. Remove handle and retaining nut
Take off the faucet handle and use a basin wrench to remove the retaining nut holding the valve bodies.
3. Disassemble valve units
Take the valve units out and use needle-nose pliers to carefully extract the old O-rings. Make note of where each O-ring sits.
4. Apply silicone lubricant
Lightly coat the new O-rings with silicone grease before placing them back into the exact same spots in the valve bodies.
5. Reassemble valves
Put the valve units back together, return them to the faucet body, and screw the retaining nut back into place.
6. Replace handle
Reattach the faucet handle and secure with the handle screw.
7. Turn water back on
Re-open the supply valves and check for any drips. Tighten as needed before regular use.
Be sure to get O-rings made specifically for faucet valves. The material and sizing must match the original pieces. With new, properly installed O-rings, your faucets should operate drip-free once again.
Fixing a Leaky Cartridge
If you have a cartridge style faucet that’s leaking, you may need to replace the entire cartridge unit. Here’s how:
1. Turn off water lines
Start by shutting off the hot and cold supply lines below the sink as usual.
2. Remove handle and retaining clip
Take off the handle and use needle-nose pliers to remove the U-shaped brass clip holding the cartridge in.
3. Extract old cartridge
Pull the damaged cartridge unit straight out with pliers. Scrape any putty or buildup from the faucet body.
4. Install new cartridge
Carefully insert the new replacement cartridge into the faucet body. Push it gently but firmly until fully seated.
5. Replace retaining clip and handle
Slide on the brass retaining clip and tighten with pliers to hold the cartridge securely. Replace the faucet handle.
6. Reopen water supply
Turn the hot and cold water lines back on. Check for drips and tighten as needed before use.
When buying a replacement, match the cartridge number printed on the old unit or bring it along to the store. Installing an exact match will ensure optimal fit and performance.
Fixing a Leaky Spout
If the drip is coming directly from the faucet spout, try cleaning the aerator first:
1. Unscrew aerator
Use a small coin or flat-head screwdriver to unscrew the aerator unit from the tip of the spout.
2. Rinse debris
Run the aerator under water to rinse away any trapped minerals or sediment.
3. Clean with vinegar
Soak the aerator for 30 minutes in white vinegar to dissolve hard water deposits. Scrub with a small brush.
4. Reattach aerator
Thoroughly dry the aerator and screw it back onto the faucet spout. Hand tighten only.
5. Remove spout
If leaks persist, use a basin wrench to unscrew and remove the spout from the faucet body. Inspect for cracks or damage.
6. Replace spout
If needed, get an identical replacement spout and reinstall following manufacturer instructions. Check for further leaks.
This should restore a solid seal and stop water from dripping out of the spout. Be sure to use a vinegar solution safe for chrome or other faucet finishes.
Fixing Leaks at the Handle
If the water leak is coming from the area where the handle attaches, replacing the handle O-rings should fix the issue:
1. Shut off water
Start by shutting off the supply lines below the sink as usual.
2. Remove handle screw and handle
Use a Phillips screwdriver to detach the handle screw, then pull the handle away from the faucet.
3. Lift out cartridge unit
Many handles attach via the cartridge unit. Carefully lift the cartridge straight up and out with pliers.
4. Replace O-rings
Use a small flat-head screwdriver to gently pry out the old O-rings from the cartridge unit or faucet body.
5. Grease new O-rings
Coat the new handle O-rings with silicone grease before pressing them into place in the cartridge/body.
6. Reinstall cartridge & handle
Put the cartridge back into the faucet and reattach the handle with the handle screw.
7. Turn water back on
Re-open supply valves and check for drips. Tighten connections if needed before use.
Be sure to purchase O-rings designed specifically for faucet handles. Installing the right size and material preserves the watertight seal.
Troubleshooting Leaky Faucets
If you’ve replaced washers, O-Rings, or cartridges and the faucet still leaks, here are some things to check:
- Examine all gaskets and seals for cracks or damage. Even small defects can cause leaks.
- Confirm the replacement parts match the originals exactly. Incorrect sizing prevents a watertight seal.
- Make sure all nuts and connections are tightened properly with no gaps. Overtightening can also cause cracks.
- Inspect the valve seats and test shutting on/off to check for smooth operation with no sticking.
- Ensure parts are aligned correctly when reassembling. Improper installation prevents sealing.
- Clean off old putty and debris thoroughly between repairs. Buildup can interfere with seals.
- Try replacing additional components like O-rings, seals, springs or valve seats as needed.
- For stubborn leaks, a rebuild kit offers all new seals/washers to overhaul the entire faucet.
With patience and precision, you can troubleshoot what’s needed for a complete repair job. Don’t hesitate to call a plumber for complicated or worsening leaks.
Preventing Future Leaky Faucet Problems
To help prevent your newly fixed faucets from leaking again down the road:
- Clean aerators regularly: Rinse out mineral buildup every 3-4 months to maintain flow.
- Use sprayer hose gently: Avoid excessive twisting/bending to prevent hose cracks and leaks.
- Insulate pipes in cold weather: Prevent temperature fluctuations that can damage washers and seals.
- Shut off exterior faucets in winter: Disconnect hoses and turn off interior shut-off valves to avoid freeze breaks.
- Lubricate O-Rings yearly: Keep O-rings pliable by lightly coating with silicone grease annually.
- Replace washers every 3-5 years: Don’t wait for leaks. Proactively replace washers periodically.
- Update worn fixtures: If leaking persists, old faucets may need replacement with new water-saving models.
With proper maintenance and care, your faucets should give years of drip-free service. But with this leaky faucet repair guide, you have the knowledge to easily fix new leaks as they happen.
Frequently Asked Questions About Fixing Leaky Faucets
What are the most common causes of a leaky faucet?
The most common causes are worn-out rubber washers and O-rings that allow water to leak past the seals. Mineral buildup, damaged valve seats, and broken/cracked parts can also result in leaks.
What tools do I need to repair a leaky faucet?
Basic tools like adjustable pliers, basin wrench, screwdriver, and flashlight are essential. You’ll also need replacements like new washers, O-rings, cartridges, etc. that match your existing hardware.
How can I tell where the leak is coming from?
Check if water drips from the spout, handle, or where they join. Leaks around the handle or where it attaches typically indicate worn O-rings, while drips from the spout or tip suggest an issue with washers or seals inside.
What should I do if replacing washers doesn’t stop the leak?
Double check that the new washers match the originals. Still leaking? Try replacing O-rings, seals, valve seats or the entire cartridge for a complete repair job. Persistent leaks may require professional help.
Why does my faucet leak after replacing the cartridge?
The new cartridge must be an exact match for optimal fit and sealing. Improper alignment during reassembly can also cause leaks. Ensure all seals are smooth, cracks are sealed with putty, and connections are tightened fully.
Is it hard to replace faucet washers and cartridges?
Replacing washers and cartridges is a straightforward process with standard household tools and a little DIY experience. Just work slowly and carefully while disassembling so you can properly reassemble. Follow instructions for your specific faucet.
How can I prevent future faucet leaks?
Regular maintenance like cleaning aerators and lubricating O-rings can prevent wear and tear. Avoiding extreme temperature fluctuations, overtightening, and repeatedly twisting/bending the faucet and hoses also helps prevent cracks and leaks.
When should I call a professional for a leaky faucet?
If DIY efforts fail to fix the leak, or the issue is complex with multiple leak points, calling a plumber is advisable. Professionals have specialized tools and expertise to properly diagnose and repair stubborn faucet leaks.
Conclusion
A persistently dripping faucet can seem like an unfixable nuisance, but armed with the right knowledge and a systematic approach, many leaks can be repaired with simple tools and affordable replacement parts. Carefully diagnosing the source of the leak, methodically disassembling/reassembling the faucet, and properly installing new washers, O-rings, cartridges and seals should have your faucet working like new again in no time. If leaks confound your DIY efforts, don’t hesitate to call a professional plumber to remedy the issue. With the steps and tips covered in this guide, you can tackle many of the most common leaky faucet problems yourself and save the cost of a plumbing service call.