Drywall, also known as gypsum board or wallboard, is a popular material used for interior walls and ceilings. Over time, cracks can develop in drywall due to normal expansion and contraction, improper installation, foundation settling, or damage. While minor cracks may be cosmetic, larger cracks can compromise the integrity and fire resistance of drywall and allow air leaks or moisture to damage insulation. Fortunately, repairing cracks in drywall is a relatively easy DIY home improvement project. With the right tools and techniques, you can fix drywall cracks and restore a smooth finish.

Why Drywall Cracks Occur

There are several common reasons why cracks form in drywall:

Settling and Shifting

As a new home settles over the first few years, small cracks can appear due to normal expansion and contraction of framing materials. Shifting or uneven foundations can also cause drywall cracks as the house slightly moves. These settlement cracks often appear over doorways, windows, ceilings, corners, and where walls meet the ceiling.

Improper Installation

Issues like inadequate framing, loose drywall seams, improper fastener length or spacing, and irregular corners can lead to cracks, especially as environmental conditions change. Proper drywall installation is key to prevent cracks.

Structural Changes

Modifications like removing walls, adding doors or windows, upgrading electrical systems, or installing new HVAC ductwork can disturb drywall and create cracks if not properly handled. The structural integrity needs to be maintained.

Environmental Factors

Temperature and humidity changes cause building materials to expand and contract. This seasonal movement can pop drywall nails or weaken mud, causing cracks at seams and corners. Insufficient framing in ceilings or curved walls also increases risk of cracks.

Damage and Wear

Everyday wear like furniture rubbing against walls creates cracks in high traffic areas. Accidental impacts, items hitting walls, doors slamming, or kids playing can also damage drywall and lead to cracks. Pests chewing through drywall paperwork is another cause.

How to Prepare for Drywall Crack Repair

Proper prep work is crucial for successful drywall crack repairs. Follow these tips before starting:

Gather Supplies

You’ll need drywall joint compound, joint tape, drywall primer, paint, putty knife, sanding block, dust mask, and protective eyewear. For large repairs, a stud finder, drywall patches, drywall screws, and hammer are also helpful.

Remove Wall Hangers and Outlets

Take down pictures, shelves, curtain rods and any wall-mounted items near the cracks so you have open access. Unscrew and disconnect any outlets or light switches in the repair area.

Clean the Crack

Use a shop vacuum to remove all dust and debris from around and inside the crack. For small hairline cracks, wipe the area clean with a damp cloth. Let it fully dry.

Widen the Crack Slightly

Using a utility knife, cut out any loose drywall edges and widen the crack into a “V” shape. This will help the joint compound adhere and provide more surface area.

Prepare Patching Materials

If the crack is wider than 1/4″, you may need to cut drywall patches. Measure the width and cut patches about 2″ wider than the crack on all sides. Prepare patches ahead of the repair.

Protect Surrounding Areas

Lay drop cloths in the workspace to catch dust and debris. Mask off baseboards, cabinets, floors and other areas with tape and plastic sheeting. This saves cleanup time later.

How to Fix Small Drywall Cracks

For hairline cracks less than 1/4″ wide, you can simply apply joint compound into the crack and smooth it out. Here are the steps:

Apply Joint Compound

Use a putty knife to force compound into the full length of the crack, pressing firmly to fill it completely. Feather out the compound 2-3 inches wide on each side of the crack.

Smooth the Crack Patch

Once dry, sand the area smooth with 120-150 grit sandpaper, rounded sanding sponge or sanding block. Be sure the patched area blends evenly.

Prime and Paint

Apply 1-2 coats of drywall primer to seal the patch, featherting 2” beyond repair. Let dry fully, then apply your final wall paint for a uniform appearance.

This simple process works for minor settlement cracks, corner cracks, hairline cracks under 1/4″ wide, and other small drywall flaws. The key is properly filling the crack with compound and blending the area for a seamless look after painting.

How to Fix Large Drywall Cracks

For more serious cracks wider than 1/4″, it’s best to cut out the damaged drywall and install a replacement patch. Here are the repair steps:

Cut Out the Damaged Section

Measure the length and width of crack, then cut and remove the damaged drywall with a utility knife or oscillating tool. Cut at least 2” beyond each side of the crack. Also cut away any crushed or deteriorated drywall edges.

Cut a Replacement Patch

Measure the hole and cut a drywall patch at least 2” wider on all sides. For large holes over 16”, use 1/2” thick drywall. Cut tapered drywall edges so the patch sits flush.

Secure the Patch

Insert the patch and press into place. Drill pilot holes and install drywall screws every 6-8” around the perimeter to secure it. Set screws 1/8” below surface.

Apply Joint Tape

Cover drywall seams with self-adhesive fiberglass joint tape, pressing firmly. For cracked corners, fold tape to fit inside the corner seam. Apply a thin layer of compound over tape.

Apply Joint Compound

Cover screw heads and seams with a coat of compound using a 6” drywall knife. Feather out compound from center to 8-12” wide. Let dry fully, then lightly sand.

Finish Coats of Compound

Apply a second coat with an 10” or 12” knife, feathering out at least 8”. Sand smooth when dry. Add a third thin final coat if needed to hide seams and screws. Sand again when dry.

Prime and Paint

Once completely smooth, seal the repaired area with drywall primer. Check for any indentations and fill as needed. Paint when fully dry for a uniform wall appearance.

This process ensures cracks and damage are fully repaired for a seamless drywall finish. Take time to smooth patches and blend with surrounding areas before painting.

Drywall Crack Repair Tips

• For clean results, sand between coats and avoid overworking compound when smoothing patches.
• Prime repaired areas before painting to prevent cracks from reappearing later due to lack of sealing.
• Consider mesh joint tape for repairs on curved or rounded drywall corners to prevent future cracking.
• Use lightweight spackling for small nail pops and hairline cracks rather than heavier joint compound.
• In high traffic areas, apply an elastic sealant at crack edges to help prevent recurring stress cracks.
• When patching large holes, use drywall clips or drywall screws at least 1 1/2” long to firmly secure patches to studs.
• Consider hiring a drywall contractor for repairs needed due to major foundational issues or extensive water damage.

Common Drywall Crack Locations

Knowing where cracks tend to occur helps identify needed repairs early before they worsen. Here are some typical drywall crack locations:

Ceiling Cracks

Cracks along ceiling seams, around light fixtures or running parallel with ceiling joists often stem from truss uplift. Temperature and humidity changes also contribute by expanding and contracting framing.

Corner Cracks

Corner cracks result from shifting framing, inadequate corner beads during drywall installation, or exposure to repeated impact or vibration. They appear where walls and ceilings meet.

Door and Window Cracks

Because openings weaken the structure, cracks frequently form above doors and windows, in corners, or where framing meets these openings. Seasonal expansion and contraction worsens the cracks over time.

Floor to Ceiling Cracks

Where walls meet the floor and ceiling, two different building materials are joined. Their differing expansion and contraction rates cause cracks in these transition areas as temperature and moisture levels fluctuate.

Stair Step Cracks

Diagonal stair step cracks appear when a house settles non-uniformly. The framing twists slightly, and drywall cracks along the resulting stress lines. They often run vertically above window frames as well.

Seam Cracks

When drywall panels are misaligned, the seams can crack under any movement or tension. Loose screws also cause the seams to pop open if framing shifts or settles even slightly.

Being aware of typical crack locations allows you to frequently inspect these areas and make timely repairs as needed. This prevents further damage from expanding cracks.

When to Call a Drywall Professional

While most common drywall cracks are fairly easy for DIYers to repair, there are some scenarios where it’s best to have repairs done professionally:

• Cracks wider than 1” – may indicate structural issues needing inspection
• Multiple parallel cracks – likely a foundation problem causing framing to rack
• Long cracks spanning floors or ceilings – expert repair needed to match seams
• Drywall damage covering large areas – easier and quicker for pros to patch
• Signs of moisture damage behind drywall – underlying issue needs to be resolved
• No access to damaged drywall areas – pros have tools to cut minimum holes
• Textured drywall finishes – matching stipple textures requires experience
• Sagging ceilings or severely uneven cracks – issues with structure or framing
• No time for DIY repairs – pros can complete quickly with less hassle
• Concern about proper repairs for fire or soundproofing – experts ensure performance

Know your skill level and seek contractor bids for extensive crack damage, complex repairs, or underlying structural issues. Their expertise solves problems beyond basic drywall patching.

Drywall Crack Prevention Tips

While some cracks are inevitable, there are ways to help minimize drywall cracks in your home:

• Maintain consistent temperature and humidity indoors
• Provide proper attic ventilation and air sealing
• Install crack isolation strips where walls and ceilings meet
• Caulk along trim and corner beads when painting
• Fill nail pops as soon as they appear to prevent cracks
• Use curtain rods and picture rail molding rather than nailing into drywall
• Carry out proper drywall installation using adequeate framing, moisture-resistant materials, and recommended fastener spacing
• Avoid hanging heavy items on drywall alone – hit studs or use hollow wall anchors
• Perform careful drywall repairs and finishing for seamless results
• Consider resilient channel installation for improved noise damping and crack resistance

With attentive drywall maintenance and prompt crack repairs, you can keep walls smooth and prevent cracks from becoming major eyesores or safety issues. Pay special attention to high-risk areas prone to cracking.

Conclusion

Fixing drywall cracks is essential to maintaining the beauty and structural integrity of your home. With some basic tools and supplies, these common cracks can be readily repaired using joint compound, drywall tape, and fresh paint. Focus on proper surface prep, neat final patches, and blending repairs into the surrounding wall. For large cracks or complex drywall damage, don’t hesitate to call in the pros for the best outcome. Stopping small cracks before they spread will also save you work down the road. With the techniques above for professional-looking crack repairs, you can keep your home’s drywall in top condition for many years before larger renovations are needed.

How Often You Should Repair Drywall Cracks

Drywall cracks are a common occurrence in any home. While they may seem harmless at first glance, leaving them unaddressed can lead to further damage down the road. So when should you take the time to fix cracks in your drywall? Here are some tips on how often you should make drywall crack repairs.

Inspect for Cracks Regularly

The first step is periodically inspecting your walls and ceilings to identify any cracks that develop. It’s easy to overlook minor flaws, so get in the habit of proactively looking for cracks. Make it part of your regular cleaning routine to scan for cracks at least once per season, if not more frequently. Checking after dramatic weather events is also wise. The sooner you catch cracks, the less chance they have to expand.

Repair Drywall Imperfections Immediately

As a general rule of thumb, you should fix drywall cracks as soon as they appear. Even hairline cracks let air, moisture and pests through, and leave your home more vulnerable to issues like mold growth. Plus, waiting allows existing cracks to worsen, making repairs more tedious. Get into the habit of patching cracks right away before they can propagate.

Prioritize Larger Cracks

While all cracks deserve eventual repairs, larger cracks should move to the top of your to-do list. Cracks wider than 1/4 inch signal potential underlying problems needing further evaluation. Not only do wider cracks compromise insulation and fire resistance, they also get worse much faster if ignored. Take care of these cracks ASAP.

Revisit High-Risk Areas

Certain drywall areas prone to frequent cracking should be checked more regularly as part of your crack maintenance plan. Corners, ceilings, and transitions between walls and ceilings crack often. Also inspect near doors, windows, HVAC vents and ductwork, and along wall seams and drywall nails. Revisit these high-risk zones frequently.

Repair Seasonal Cracks Annually

It’s typical for small cracks to reappear seasonally as your home’s framing expands and contracts. While these can often be overlooked aesthetically, you should aim to patch recurrent cracks at least once per year. This prevents them from worsening over many seasons of opening and closing.

Fix Damaged Drywall Before New Finishes

Don’t apply new wall finishes, wallpaper or paint until any existing drywall cracks, holes and imperfections are repaired. Otherwise, you’ll likely find new cracks in short order as underlying weaknesses show through the fresh finishes. Fix all flaws first for long lasting results.

Seek Structural Repairs for Major Damage

In the case of severe drywall cracking, bulging walls or major foundation issues, seek professional assessment and repairs immediately. Damaged drywall can be a sign of serious structural problems needing urgent attention before further damage occurs.

By regularly inspecting for cracks, promptly repairing flaws, and addressing high-risk areas, you can easily maintain your drywall and prevent minor cracks from becoming costly headaches. Be vigilant and take action as soon as drywall imperfections appear.

Drywall Crack Repair Costs

If your home has drywall that needs some TLC to fix unsightly cracks, you may be wondering what repair costs to expect. Drywall crack repairs range dramatically in price depending on the size of the job. Here’s a look at typical costs:

DIY Drywall Crack Repairs

For simple drywall cracks that you can easily repair yourself, materials may cost you around:

• Joint compound or spackle: $3 to $10
• Drywall repair mesh tape: $2 to $10 per roll
• Drywall primer: $12 to $25 per gallon
• Paint: $20 to $60 per gallon
• Drywall patching and finishing tools: $10 to $40

So for minor drywall crack repairs in a few rooms, expect to spend $50 to $200. Larger DIY projects with more cracks or damaged areas may cost up to $500 or more for additional supplies.

Professional Drywall Repairs

Hiring a handyman or drywall contractor is a good option for medium to large drywall repairs. Their rates may range:

• Handyman drywall repair rates: $70 to $100 per hour
• Drywall pros repair rates: $400 to $800 per day
• Minimum service charges: $100 to $400

For reference, here are sample drywall repair costs:

• Up to 20 small cracks or holes: $200 to $600
• One room with several cracks/holes: $400 to $1,200
• All walls in one room: $600 to $2,000
• An entire 1,500 sq ft home: $2,500 to $4,500

Get multiple quotes for big drywall fix-up projects. Rates vary based on local costs, contractor experience, crack severity and the home’s layout.

When Professional Repairs Are Best

Consider hiring drywall pros if:

• You have hundreds of cracks/holes throughout a home
• There is structural damage behind walls
• Drywall repairs span multiple rooms
• Textured finishes, wallpaper or ornate trim will need matching
• Other construction projects are also required
• DIY repairs would be extremely time consuming

With the right prep work and materials, minor drywall cracks are manageable for DIYers on a budget. But for expansive drywall damage, paying a professional often saves money and hassle in the long run.

Drywall Crack Repair Tools Needed

Having the right tools on hand makes successfully repairing drywall cracks much simpler. Here are some of the most useful tools to have for DIY drywall crack fixes:

Putty Knife

A flexible 4-6 inch putty knife allows you to smoothly apply joint compound into cracks for seamless results. It’s the essential tool for ideal filling and smoothing.

Drywall Taping Knives

For embedding joint tape and smoothing wider repairs, taping knives from 6 to 12 inches work perfectly. Their thin, flexible blades make smoothing easy.

Sanding Block/Pole

Lightly sanding between coats of compound ensures even, blended finishes. Foam sanding blocks provide optimal grip and control. Extendable poles help reach ceilings easily.

Sandpaper

Sheets of 150 to 220 grit sandpaper remove excess compound and create a smooth finish. Have an assortment on hand so you can start with coarser grades, progressing to finer as needed.

Dust Mask/Eye Protection

Sanding drywall compound inevitably kicks up fine dust, making safety gear essential. Use goggles and N95 dust masks to work cleanly and prevent irritation.

Joint Compound

For most