Citronella grass is an aromatic ornamental plant that can be grown both indoors and outdoors. With its pleasant lemon-lime fragrance and attractive foliage, citronella grass makes a great addition to gardens, patios, and indoor spaces. Growing and caring for citronella grass is relatively easy if you follow some basic guidelines.
Choosing a Location
Citronella grass thrives in warm, humid environments with partial to full sun exposure. When growing outdoors, look for a spot that receives 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Citronella grass can tolerate some shade but may not grow as vigorously or produce as much fragrant oil.
Indoors, place citronella grass near a sunny window. South or west-facing windows are ideal. Turn the plant periodically so all sides receive equal light. Grow lights can also be used to provide extra illumination if natural light is insufficient.
Planting Citronella Grass
Citronella grass can be grown from seeds, cuttings, or transplants. Seeds are often easiest for beginners. Simply sow seeds in pots or garden beds after the last spring frost. Cover with 1/4 inch of soil and keep moist until germination.
Cuttings can be taken from existing plants in early summer. Cut a 5-6 inch stem below a node and remove lower leaves. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant in potting mix. Keep the soil moderately moist until new growth emerges.
Transplants are sometimes available at garden centers in spring and summer. Look for young plants with healthy green foliage. Transplant into the garden after hardening off for 7-10 days.
Soil Needs
Citronella grass thrives in moist, well-draining soil. Amend garden beds with compost or organic matter to improve drainage. The ideal soil pH is between 6.0-7.5.
Use a quality potting mix for containers. Aim for a lightweight blend that retains moisture but won’t become waterlogged. Adding perlite or vermiculite can help increase aeration.
Watering and Fertilizing
Established citronella grass needs about 1-2 inches of water per week, ideally from rainfall. Allow the top few inches of soil to dry between waterings. Take care not to overwater, as soggy soil can lead to root rot.
Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-4 weeks during the growing season. Slow release granular fertilizer can be worked into the soil prior to planting. Discontinue feeding in fall and winter.
Harvesting and Pruning
Trim citronella grass frequently to promote bushy, compact growth. Cutting also enables you to harvest the fragrant leaves.
Use scissors or shears to cut stems down to 6 inches above the soil. Harvesting every 6-8 weeks ensures a steady supply of aromatic foliage. The oil is most concentrated just before flowering.
Deadhead spent blooms to encourage new growth. Cut back any damaged or unsightly growth as needed to maintain an attractive appearance.
Overwintering Tips
Citronella grass can be overwintered indoors in colder climates. Move the plant inside before temperatures drop below 45°F.
Continue watering whenever the top inch of soil becomes dry. Reduce feeding through the winter months. Provide ample sunlight near a window or under grow lights.
Prune the plant back to 6 inches tall to remove any dead or damaged growth. Repot in fresh potting mix, if needed. Resume normal care in spring after the last expected frost.
Common Problems
Citronella grass is relatively pest and disease resistant. Proper cultural care also helps keep plants healthy. Potential issues to watch for include:
- Leaf spots caused by fungus or bacteria – Improve air circulation and avoid wetting foliage
- Aphids, whiteflies, spider mites – Use horticultural oil or insecticidal soap
- Root rot from overwatering – Allow soil to dry out between waterings
Growing Citronella Grass in Pots
Container growing is an excellent option for citronella grass. Choose a pot at least 12 inches wide and deep. Use a premium potting mix and make sure the container has drainage holes.
Site container grown plants in a sunny spot. Keep the soil consistently moist during summer but reduce watering in winter. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 3-4 weeks during the growing season.
Prune frequently to contain size and promote bushy growth. Refresh the potting mix every 2-3 years or whenever roots become crowded. Bring plants indoors before first frost.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does citronella grass live?
With proper care, citronella grass can live for 5 years or longer. Potted plants may only live 3-4 years before becoming root bound.
Should citronella grass be cut back for winter?
Yes, cutting citronella grass back to about 6 inches tall in late fall helps it survive winter and return vigorously in spring.
Does citronella grass repel mosquitoes?
Research shows that citronella grass provides some mosquito repelling benefits. However, the effects are often limited to the immediate area around the plant. It should not be relied on as a sole deterrent.
What does citronella grass smell like?
When brushed or crushed, the foliage releases a pleasant, lemony aroma. The scent is similar to citronella oil made from the culinary herb citronella.
Is citronella grass invasive?
Citronella grass spreads slowly under ideal growing conditions. It can become weedy but is not considered highly invasive like some other ornamental grasses. Containers prevent unwanted spreading.
Final Thoughts
With its sweet, citrusy fragrance and attractive clumping form, citronella grass is a unique and appealing ornamental. A little regular care and maintenance is all that’s required to successfully grow this tropical grass. Citronella grass adds wonderful flavor, texture, and scent to both garden beds and container plantings.