A range vent hood is an essential appliance for any kitchen with a stove or cooktop. Vent hoods help remove smoke, grease, odors, moisture, and combustible gases from the air while you cook. Installing a range vent hood requires careful planning and execution, but it can be a manageable DIY project if you have basic skills. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know to successfully install a new range vent hood in your kitchen.
Choose the Right Type of Range Vent Hood
The first step is deciding which type of vent hood is best suited for your kitchen setup and needs. There are several options:
Wall-Mounted Range Hoods
Wall-mounted hoods are installed on the wall above the cooktop or range. This is the most common type of range hood. Wall mounts are available in various widths to match the size of your range or cooktop. They can have ducting that vents outside, or be ductless and recirculate air back into the kitchen.
Under-Cabinet Range Hoods
Under-cabinet hoods mount underneath wall cabinets, centered over the cooktop. They are typically smaller in width compared to wall mounts. Under-cabinet hoods work well for apartment kitchens or where wall space is limited. They also require less ductwork.
Downdraft Range Hoods
Downdraft range hoods are integrated into the kitchen counter or installed in an island. They pull air downward and often vent through the base of the cabinet or bottom of the island. Downdraft vents are convenient for open floor plan kitchens.
Island Range Hoods
Island range hoods are designed for placement over a range or cooktop in the center of the kitchen. They require special ducting to route through cabinets and ceilings. Island vents come in various stylish designs to complement kitchen decor.
Consider the available space, ductwork required, and your kitchen layout to determine the best vent hood type for your needs. Measure the cooking surface width and choose a vent hood at least as wide or slightly wider than the range.
Select Range Hood Features
Once you decide on the type of range hood, it’s time to pick out specific features. Look for options that suit your cooking style and kitchen needs:
- Ventilation power – Hoods are rated by CFM (cubic feet per minute) which indicates the airflow. For a residential kitchen, look for 400-600 CFM for optimal ventilation.
- Noise level – Choose a quieter fan if open floor plan. Look for hoods with noise levels less than 65 decibels.
- Exhaust options – Determine if you want a ducted unit that vents outside or a ductless model that recirculates air.
- Blower type – Options include centrifugal, axial, inline and external blowers. Centrifugal and axial are common for home use.
- Venting size – Match the vent duct size (often 6” or 7”) to the hood exhaust opening.
- Finish – Select stainless steel, copper, bronze, black, white or colored finish to match decor.
- Controls – Choose touchscreen, button, remote or voice controls for operating the fan speed.
- Filters – Metal mesh or baffle filters catch grease. Look for dishwasher safe and easily removable filters.
- Lights – Incandescent, halogen or LED lights brighten the cooktop workspace.
- Special features – Some models include warming lamps, automatic shutoff, delayed fan-off, etc.
Selecting the right range hood equipped with useful features will enhance your cooking experience and keep the kitchen environment comfortable.
Calculate Vent Hood Airflow CFM Requirements
To work effectively, your new range hood needs adequate airflow measured in CFM. Calculating the required CFM takes a few simple steps:
- Measure the room size where the range hood will be installed. Length x Width x Height.
- Multiply the room volume (in cubic feet) by 10 to get the minimum required airflow CFM.
- Add 100 CFM for each additional appliance like a secondary oven or cooktop.
- Choose a range hood rated for at least this calculated CFM or higher for proper ventilation.
For example, for a 200 sq. ft. kitchen with a 12 ft. high ceiling:
- 200 x 12 = 2,400 cubic feet
- 2,400 x 10 = 24,000
- Minimum CFM = 24,000
Select a range hood with airflow of 24,000 CFM or greater based on this calculation. Higher CFM generally means more powerful ventilation.
Determine Required Duct Size
If installing a ducted range hood that vents outside, the ducting must be properly sized. Duct size depends on a few factors:
- Length of duct run
- Number of elbows
- Type of duct (smooth, rigid metal duct recommended)
- CFM rating of the range hood
Use the manufacturer ducting guidelines to select the appropriate duct size. Standard options are 6-inch or 7-inch diameter ducts. A rule of thumb is to use 7″ ducts for over 600 CFM fans, and 6″ ducts for under 600 CFM.
Minimize turns or elbows which reduce airflow. Have no more than three 90 degree turns in the ductwork. Maintain a short and straight duct run if possible.
Proper duct sizing ensures smooth airflow and efficient ventilation for the range hood system.
Choose Duct or Ductless Ventilation
Range hoods either duct air outside, or are ductless and filter and recirculate air back into the kitchen. Which option should you choose?
Ducted Range Hoods
Ducted vents are recommended for:
- Gas stoves – Carbon monoxide must be vented outside.
- Frequent cooking – Removes high levels of humidity, grease and odors.
- Tightly sealed homes – Improves indoor air quality.
Pros:
- Removes all contaminants, moisture and odors.
- More effective ventilation.
Cons:
- Requires ductwork to vent outside.
- Slightly louder operation.
- More difficult DIY install.
Ductless Range Hoods
Ductless vents filter and recirculate indoor air. Good option for:
- Electric stoves – Don’t produce carbon monoxide.
- Occasional cooking – For low to moderate ventilation needs.
- Open floor plans – Recirculated air blends in.
- Condo and apartment kitchens – Cannot vent outside.
Pros:
- Requires no ducting to outside.
- Very quiet, discreet operation.
Cons:
- Does not remove all odors, humidity and grease.
- Must replace filters periodically.
Consider your own cooking habits, kitchen needs and home setup to decide between a ducted or ductless range hood.
Calculate Total Max Vent Length
For ducted range hoods, the maximum vent length is a factor. Ductwork over the recommended length will reduce airflow and efficiency.
Total vent length is calculated:
Straight vertical duct length
+
Straight horizontal duct length
- Equivalent length of elbows/turns
Here are typical maximum vent length recommendations based on fan CFM:
- 100-300 CFM – Max 50 ft. total vent length
- 301-600 CFM – Max 100 ft. total vent length
- Over 600 CFM – Max 150 ft. total vent length
Each 90 degree elbow is equal to 5 linear feet of duct. A 3-1/4” x 10” rectangular 90 degree elbow equals 10 linear feet.
Try to minimize elbows and keep the duct run as direct as possible. Never exceed the manufacturer’s stated maximum venting length for the CFM of your range hood. This ensures proper airflow.
Prepare the Installation Area
Once you have selected the ideal range hood model for your kitchen, it’s time to prepare for installation. Follow these steps:
Gather Tools and Materials
You will need:
- Tape measure
- Level
- Pencil
- Screwdriver
- Drill
- Duct tape (for ducted install)
- Saw (for ducted install)
- Ladder or step stool
- Voltage meter (for electrical hook up)
- Ducting and vents (for ducted install)
Check Electrical Requirements
Verify that the existing electrical supply matches the volt, amperage, and frequency specified by the hood manufacturer. A 120-volt, 60Hz, 15-amp grounded circuit is standard for most residential range hoods.
Turn Off Power
Turn off the circuit breaker supplying power to where the range hood will be installed. Use a voltage meter to confirm power is off before proceeding.
Determine Installation Height
Recommended mounting height for range hoods is typically 18”-24” above the cooking surface for optimal smoke and grease capture. Check your range hood dimensions and instructions to confirm the best installation height.
Remove Existing Hood (If Applicable)
If replacing an old range hood, start by disconnecting power, removing it from the wall or cabinet, and detaching the ductwork. This preps the space for the new installation.
Proper planning and preparation ensures you’re ready to safely and efficiently install the new range hood.
Install Ductwork (Ducted Hoods)
For ducted range hoods, the ductwork must be in place before installing the hood itself. Follow these key steps:
Choose Duct Location
Determine the best location for the ductwork to exit outside, considering:
- Shortest, straightest path outdoors
- Route through cabinets, walls and roof
- Easy access for maintenance
Aim for the shortest possible duct run to maximize airflow.
Cut the Vent and Duct Openings
Using the duct size required for your CFM rating, cut an opening for the exhaust vent at the termination point outdoors. Also cut openings where the ductwork will route through cabinets, walls and ceiling/roof.
Install Wall and Roof Caps
Install a weatherproof hood at the exterior duct opening. Also install proper fire-rated caps where the duct passes through the interior ceiling and roof.
Connect Duct Sections
Assemble duct sections using sheet metal screws to connect each piece. Wrap all duct joints with aluminum duct tape to seal. Try to minimize turns or elbows.
Install Damper (Optional)
A damper can help regulate airflow but may reduce venting capacity. Consult local codes on whether required.
With the ducting in place, you’re ready to mount and connect the range hood itself.
Install the Range Hood
Once ductwork is routed (if needed), it’s time to mount the range hood. Follow all manufacturer instructions for your specific model. The basic installation process is:
Mount the Hood
Center the range hood over the cooktop surface at the proper height. Level the hood and use wood shims if needed to achieve the correct balance. Drill pilot holes for any mounting screws. Securely mount the hood into studs or blocking material in the wall or cabinets using the provided fasteners.
Connect the Ductwork
For ducted range hoods, attach the ducting to the outlet on the hood with sheet metal screws. Make sure all connections are tight and properly sealed.
Connect Electricity
Connect the range hood wires to the power supply wires according to the manufacturer diagram. Use proper wire nuts and make sure all connections are tight and insulated.
Attach Filters and Hood Cover
Install grease filters into the hood if removable. Attach any panels or coverings that were removed during installation.
Caulk and Seal
Use caulk to seal any openings or gaps around the range hood. This prevents air leaks that could reduce performance.
Double check that the hood is securely mounted, all ducting and electrical connections are tight, and installation is complete.
Complete the Installation Process
You’re almost ready to use your new range hood! Finish up with these steps:
Confirm Proper Operation
Turn on the power and test all fan speeds and lights. Make sure the ventilation system is operating smoothly and properly.
Check for Leaks
Verify that no grease or cooking odors are escaping from duct joints. Reseal any leaky connections if found.
Review Maintenance Needs
Check your range hood manual for the manufacturer’s maintenance recommendations. Regular filter cleaning, fan and duct cleaning, lightbulb changes, etc. will keep the system working its best.
Enjoy Your Upgrade!
You now have an essential kitchen appliance that will keep the air clean while you cook for many years to come. Enjoy easier breathing and refreshing, odor-free air thanks to your new range vent hood!
FAQs About Installing Range Vent Hoods
What size range hood do I need?
Choose a range hood that is at least as wide as your cooktop or stove width. Standard hood widths are 30”, 36”, 48”, and 60”.
Where should range hoods be installed?
For optimal function, install the hood 18-24 inches above the cooking surface over the center of the range.
Do I need ducting for a range hood?
You can install ductless range hoods which filter and recirculate air. However, ducting that vents outdoors is recommended to remove all contaminants.
How do I cut holes for ductwork?
Use a drywall saw to cut openings in walls and ceilings where ducting will pass through. A reciprocating saw works well to cut holes through cabinets.
Can I use flexible duct for range hoods?
It’s not recommended. Rigid metal ducting maximizes air flow. Use flexible duct only for short runs to connect rigid ductwork.
How do I determine CFM needs for a range hood?
Calculate your cubic footage and multiply by 10 to determine minimum CFM airflow required. Add 100 CFM for each additional cooking appliance.
What is the maximum duct length for a range hood?
Limit duct length to 50 ft. total for 100-300 CFM fans. Up to 150 ft. total is acceptable for high CFM models over 600.
How do I clean a range hood?
Regularly remove metal or mesh filters and clean by hand or in the dishwasher. Use a degreaser and cloth to clean fan blades and internal housing periodically.
Why won’t my range vent duct seal tightly?
Apply duct tape over all joints to completely seal the connection. Screw metal ducting together for a tighter fit before taping.
Can I install a range hood myself?
With proper planning and attention to safety, DIY range hood installation is totally feasible for many homeowners. Follow instructions closely and get professional help if needed.
Conclusion
Installing a high-quality range vent hood brings numerous benefits to your kitchen environment and cooking experience. By carefully selecting the right model, preparing the space properly, routing ductwork if needed, mounting the hood, and completing all electrical and duct connections, you can have a professional-looking and effective installation.
Pay close attention to manufacturer instructions, adhere to local building codes, and don’t be afraid to call in assistance if certain steps seem overly complex. Taking a methodical, safety-focused approach will result in a vent hood that performs as it should for maximum kitchen air quality.