Choosing new windows for your home is an important decision that requires careful consideration of the pros and cons of replacement versus new-construction windows. While both options come with advantages, there are some key differences between replacement and new-construction windows that homeowners should be aware of.
Introduction
When it comes time to install new windows in your home, you essentially have two options: replacement windows or new-construction windows. Replacement windows are installed in existing window openings, while new-construction windows are installed during the building phase of a new home.
Both replacement and new-construction windows have similarities and differences that impact performance, features, installation process, and of course, cost. By understanding the key characteristics of each type of window, homeowners can make the best choice for their specific needs and budget.
Here is an overview of the similarities and differences between replacement and new-construction windows:
Similarities Between Replacement and New-Construction Windows
While replacement and new-construction windows have distinct differences, they also share some commonalities:
Materials
Replacement and new-construction windows are both commonly made from materials like:
- Vinyl
- Wood
- Aluminum
- Composite materials
Vinyl is popular for both types of windows given its durability, low maintenance, energy efficiency, and affordability. Wood offers a classic, attractive look but requires more upkeep. Aluminum is very durable but conducts heat. Composite blends materials for optimal performance.
Glass Options
The glass package is one of the most important components of any window. High-performance glazing provides insulation, durability, solar control, clarity, security, and more.
Replacement and new-construction windows generally offer similar glass options, including:
- Double or triple panes
- Low-emissivity (Low-E) coatings
- Laminated glass for security
- Tinted or reflective glazing for solar control
- Gas fills like argon for insulation
So whether you opt for replacements or new-construction, look for windows with advanced glazing that meets your needs.
Energy Efficiency
In most cases, properly installed replacement and new-construction windows will both offer significant energy efficiency improvements over old, drafty windows.
Features like multi-pane glazing, weatherstripping, durable frames, and thermal engineering allow both types of windows to provide insulation, keep out drafts, and reduce energy costs.
Look for Energy Star certification and NFRC ratings to compare efficiency.
Aesthetic Options
Homeowners can find replacement and new-construction windows in almost any style they desire. Common options include:
- Double hung
- Casement
- Sliding
- Awning
- Picture windows
- Bay and bow windows
- Garden windows
- Specialty shapes
Within those styles, custom sizes, operating types, hardware finishes, trim packages, and more allow for beauty and functionality. Consider your home’s architecture when selecting replacement or new-construction windows.
Warranties
Quality windows come with warranties from both the manufacturer and installer. Many replacement and new-construction windows feature at least 10 years of coverage, but longer warranties of 20 years or lifetime are available. Review warranty details closely so you know what’s covered.
Improved Home Value
Well-chosen replacement or new-construction windows can recoup 50-80% of their cost in added resale value. Windows have one of the highest ROI of any home remodeling project.
Key Differences Between Replacement and New-Construction Windows
While they share some similarities, replacement and new-construction windows also have distinct differences that impact options, performance, installation, and cost:
Frame Design
- Replacement – Designed for retrofitting into existing openings. Narrower frame profiles. Fin tabs, surround adapters, or pocket gaps for fitting imperfect openings.
- New Construction – Built for new openings. Thicker, more robust frames. Integrated mounting fins for anchoring into framing. Wide nailing flanges.
Frame design has implications for structural strength, air and water infiltration, and installation method.
Structural Support
- Replacement – Do not provide structural support. Installed into existing window frame, jack studs, king studs, and header.
- New Construction – Provide some structural integrity when anchored properly into framing. Transfer wind loads to studs/framing.
Consider added bracing for large new-construction windows.
Installation Process
- Replacement – Retrofit into the existing window frame and prepared opening. Sash remains intact. Less demolition work.
- New Construction – Installed from interior or exterior during framing stage. Attached into rough opening. More involved installation process.
Sizing and Customization
- Replacement – Limited to existing opening sizes. Can be slightly smaller but not larger than original frame. Custom options may be limited.
- New Construction – Can be any custom size and configuration designed for the new openings. Greater flexibility for layout.
Condition of Openings
- Replacement – Openings may be deteriorated and require repairs for secure installation. Potential for air leaks if not properly sealed.
- New Construction – Openings are new construction in better condition. Easier to properly seal and prevent air infiltration.
Cost Differences
- Replacement – May be cheaper due to simpler installation and less waste disposal fees. Good option if frame is in usable condition.
- New Construction – Higher cost overall given materials and more complex installation. But may be more cost-effective long term due to performance.
Get quotes for both types to compare for your specific project.
Energy Performance
- Replacement – Depends on existing window frame condition. Thermal gaps between frames impact efficiency. Harder to properly air seal.
- New Construction – Designed for maximum energy efficiency when properly installed. Easier to prevent air leaks with integration into new framing.
Performance testing provides true comparison between products.
Noise Reduction
- Replacement – Can reduce noise transfer if installed properly into existing frame. Gaps reduce sound dampening.
- New Construction – Excellent noise control when seamlessly integrated into new air-tight framing. Less potential for sound leaks.
Consider acoustical windows if traffic or other noise is an issue.
Long-Term Durability
- Replacement – Depends on existing frame condition. Subject to deterioration issues if underlying frame and water barriers are compromised.
- New Construction – Less likely to develop leaks, rot, condensation, and other failures if properly installed into new construction framing and flashed properly.
Routine maintenance helps maximize lifespan of any window.
Key Recommendations
Based on the similarities and differences, here are some recommendations on selecting replacement or new-construction windows:
- For energy efficiency – new-construction often outperforms replacement if properly installed into optimized framing.
- For budget projects – replacement windows typically offer an affordable upgrade.
- For historic homes – quality replacement windows balance upgrades with preserving architectural integrity.
- For customization – new-construction windows allow greater design flexibility if the frame is built from scratch.
- For noise reduction – new-construction offers maximum soundproofing capabilities.
- For overall longevity – new-construction windows may be a smarter long-term investment if installed properly during initial building.
No matter which type of window you select, always verify proper installation and sealing for optimal efficiency, durability, and performance. Consulting a qualified contractor is advisable.
Carefully considering the similarities and differences between replacement and new-construction windows will lead to an informed decision on the best option for your home and budget.
Common Window Frame Materials: Pros and Cons
Windows are a major focal point in any home. The frame material you choose impacts aesthetics, durability, maintenance needs, energy efficiency, cost, and other factors. Here is an overview of common window frame materials and their pros and cons when selecting replacement or new-construction windows:
Vinyl
Pros:
- Affordable overall cost
- Low maintenance
- Resists rot, rust, warping, and corrosion
- Insulating properties for efficiency
- Easy to clean
- Color options include white or tan
- Long lifespan of 30-50 years
Cons:
- Can become brittle and fade over time
- Susceptible to sun damage if low quality
- Less sturdy during high winds than other materials
- Difficult to repair if damaged
Wood
Pros:
- Timeless aesthetic appeal
- Can be stained, painted, or natural finish
- Easy to repair if damaged
- Excellent natural insulator
- Withstands weather and impact when properly sealed
Cons:
- Relatively expensive upfront cost
- Requires ongoing maintenance such as resealing and repainting
- Can rot, swell, crack, or warp if moisture penetrates finish
- Temperature fluctuations cause expansion and contraction
Aluminum
Pros:
- Extremely durable against elements
- Low maintenance exterior
- Resists corrosion, rust, warping
- Cost effective for basic frames
- Sleek, minimalistic appearance
Cons:
- Conducts heat and cold, lower energy efficiency
- Condensation can occur unless thermal breaks added
- Susceptible to scratches and dents
- Noisy rain or hail on metal exterior
- Industrial look not suited for all home styles
Composite Materials
Pros:
- Combo of materials enhances durability
- Lower expansion and contraction
- Superior energy efficiency
- Strength and insulation properties
- Low maintenance exteriors
- Customizable styles and colors
Cons:
- Generally more expensive than single material frames
- Heavier than vinyl or aluminum
- Difficult to repair if damaged
- Efficiency depends on quality of manufacturing
Overall, vinyl and wood are most common for residential windows, but weigh the pros and cons of each frame material for your specific climate, home style, and budget.
Key Window Glass Options to Consider
The glass package is one of the most important components influencing the aesthetics, performance, and efficiency of replacement or new-construction windows.
Here are some of the most important window glass options to look for:
Double or Triple Panes
Two or three panes of glass with air space between provides better insulation than single pane windows. The trapped air is a poor conductor of heat and cold. Triple pane is best for climates with extreme winters.
Low-emissivity (Low-E) Coatings
Microscopically thin metallic coating allows sunlight in but blocks UV rays and heat radiation. Dramatically boosts insulation ability. Look for Low-E on double or triple pane windows.
Laminated or Tempered Glass
Laminated glass fuses two glass sheets with an internal plastic layer for security. Tempered glass is heat-treated for added strength. Both offer protection from intruders or storm debris.
Gas Fills
Inserting argon, krypton or other inert gas between window panes insulates better than plain air. Argon is affordable and common. Krypton offers maximum efficiency.
Tints and Reflective Coatings
Tints and metallic coatings block solar gain and glare. Keep interiors cooler. Reduce fabric fading. Choose appearance and performance level desired.
When comparing replacement or new windows, scrutinize the glass package options to get the ideal mix of energy savings, protection, clarity, and aesthetics.
Window Frame Styles: An Overview of Design Choices
Windows come in a variety of frame styles to fit the architectural aesthetics of any home. Here is an overview of common replacement and new-construction window frame design options:
Double Hung
- Two sashes, both slide up and down
- Good ventilation
- Traditional look for historic homes
- Available in many sizes
- Energy efficient with low-E glass
Casement
- Side hinged, crank out swing design
- Space efficient near walls
- Large openings for views and light
- Stack multiple together
- Good air circulation
Sliding
- Sashes slide horizontally to open
- Convenient for hard to reach spots
- Compact footprint
- Easy to clean large expanses of glass
Awning
- Hinged at top and open outward
- Keep views when open
- Direct breezes into room
- Install under overhangs and porches
- Resist rain infiltration
Picture and Fixed Frame
- Non-operable for plain glass expanses
- Bring in light, views, architectural flair
- Used alone or combined with operable windows
Specialty Shapes
- Circles, curves, arches, trapezoids, custom cut-outs
- For unique architectural accents
- Frame matches shape of glass
- Makes a statement in new or existing homes
Choices also include bay windows, bow windows, garden windows and more. Consider both form and function when selecting window styles.
Replacement vs. New Construction Window Installation Process
Replacement and new-construction window installation entails very different processes, as described below:
Replacement Window Installation
- Remove interior stops around existing frame and sash components.
- Extract sashes, part stops, and hardware. Retain for reinstallation if reusable.
- Inspect, repair, and prepare existing frame and rough opening.
- Apply flashing tape and sealants around entire perimeter to create air and water barrier.
- Insert new window frame into opening, shim and level. Do not bend or bow frame.
- Secure frame using installation screws driven through jambs into rough opening.
- Seal any gaps between frame and rough opening with backer rod and sealant.
- Reinstall existing stops or install new; reassemble sash and hardware components.
- Seal exterior perimeter between frame exterior stop and water barrier with flashing tape.
- Finish interior with trim, seal interior gaps with caulk, and install new stools/sills as needed.
- Proper sealing is crucial for airtight, watertight installation.
New Construction Window Installation
- Builder constructs rough openings with king and jack studs, headers and sills per code and specs.
- Before exterior sheathing, apply flexible flashing tape to water barrier at rough openings.
- Install windows into openings following sizing guidelines and anchor with screws into framing.
- Check for level, plumb and square. Correct as needed.
- Insulate perimeter voids with minimal expansion foam. Do not overfill.
- Adjust window operation and test. Repair any issues.
- Complete exterior water shedding layers over mounting flange.
- Seal interior gaps and voids completely after construction finished.
- Install interior trim, seal trim to vapor barrier.
- Verify proper drainage, operation and sealing. Windows must integrate completely into water and air barrier.
Avoid amateur installations. Always hire experienced professionals.
Cost Comparison: New Windows vs Window Replacement
Upfront cost is often a primary factor when deciding between replacement vs. new-construction windows. Below are some guidelines on window project costs:
- Window Replacement – For a full home, expect to pay $300-800 per window on average depending on materials, size, and labor. High-end custom windows can exceed $1,000 or more per opening. Vinyl models on the low end.
- New Construction Windows – Typically $400-1,200 per window depending on specifications. Custom luxury new-construction windows may cost over $2,000.
- Window Installation – Approximately $150-350 per window for professional installation, more for complex projects.
- New Construction – Overall higher cost because the entire window system is new. But smaller individual window cost since project pricing is bundled.
- Replacement – May have lower per window cost. But underlying window issues can add expenses over time.
- Get quotes from several contractors to compare exact total costs for your specific project.
Although new-construction windows have a higher upfront price tag, properly installed systems have a longer lifespan and provide better performance and efficiency over the long run.
Quality replacement windows also offer cost-effective upgrades. Evaluate individual window pricing, expected lifespan, and ROI along with budget when deciding between replacement vs new construction.
Energy Efficiency: How Window Type Impacts Performance
Energy efficiency is a priority for most homeowners. Replacement and new-construction windows can both deliver upgrades, but the type does influence potential performance.
Window Frame – New-construction windows designed for insulation integrate better into structural framing. Potential thermal gaps around replacements impact efficiency.
Installation – Gaps and air leaks are more easily minimized with new construction windows when installed properly.
Testing – New-construction windows must meet stringent energy codes. Replacement window testing is voluntary.
Glazing – New-construction often allows for top-tier glazing like triple pane glass. Limited by existing frame with replacements.
Age – Brand new systems outperform windows aged 20-40 years. Efficiency declines over time.
Climate – Northern zones need maximal insulation. New-construction offers edge with optimal air sealing.
Upkeep – Lack of maintenance reduces replacement window efficiency over years. New windows maintain peak performance with care.
Caulking/Flashing – Superior materials and integration with structural framing enhances efficiency of new-construction windows.
For maximum energy savings, new-construction windows installed properly during initial build offer the highest potential efficiency. But high-quality replacements provide an affordable efficiency boost in many homes.
Noise Reduction Capabilities: Replacement vs. New Windows
Excess noise from traffic, construction, machinery, and other sources can disrupt sleep, productivity, and relaxation at home. The right windows reduce unwanted sound transmission.
Noise Reduction Factors
- Multiple panes – More air space dampens noise
- Laminated glass – Internal plastic layer helps soundproof
- Window materials – Heavier glass and frames block more noise
- Tight sealing – Gaps transmit noise, new construction seals better
- Window style – Casements seal