A deck can be one of the best additions to a home, providing extra outdoor living space to relax, entertain, and enjoy the fresh air. When it comes to decking materials, two popular options are wood and composite. Both have their own sets of pros and cons to consider when deciding which is best for your decking project. This extensive guide provides an in-depth review of wood and composite decking, including the key differences, costs, longevity, appearance, maintenance, environmental impact, and other factors to weigh when choosing decking material.
What is Wood Decking?
Wood is a traditional decking material that has been used for decades. Wood decking comes in a variety of natural species, each with their own unique grain patterns, textures, and colors. Some popular woods used for decking include:
- Pressure-Treated Pine – Affordable softwood, often Southern Yellow Pine, that is pressure treated for rot resistance. Has a rugged, rustic look.
- Cedar – A fragrant, attractive softwood that is naturally rot-resistant. Western Red Cedar is most common. Offers a refined, elegant appearance.
- Redwood – Decay-resistant softwood with a reddish-pink hue. Gives a stylish, upscale look.
- Ipe – An extremely dense exotic hardwood that is naturally durable and scratch-resistant. Provides a tropical, exotic look.
- Tigerwood – An exotic hardwood known for its rich brown color with black streaks. Offers a dramatic, unique appearance.
- Teak – A high-end hardwood prized for its natural oil content, golden brown color, and distinctive grain. Has a refined, luxurious look.
Wood decking is milled into standard sizes, most often 1×4, 1×6, 2×4, and 2×6 planks. The wood brings natural beauty, warmth, and timeless elegance to outdoor deck designs.
Pros of Wood Decking
Natural aesthetic – Wood’s natural grain patterns, colors, and textures provide unparalleled beauty and character. No two wood boards are exactly the same.
Timeless appeal – Wood decks have a classic, traditional look that has remained popular for decades. Wood’s natural elegance is timeless.
Wide material options – Many species are available to match diverse budgets and preferences, from affordable pine to exotic hardwoods.
Easily customizable – Wood can be easily stained, sealed, or painted in limitless color options to match a home’s style.
Easy to repair – Damaged boards can be sanded, patched, or replaced without impacting other boards.
High traction – Wood’s naturally textured surface provides good traction, even when wet.
Good insulation – Wood offers some insulating properties to help keep decking cooler in summer.
Sustainable material – Wood is a renewable resource if forests are well managed. Some wood is sustainably harvested.
Can increase home value – Wood decks add beauty and usable space, which can boost a home’s worth.
Cons of Wood Decking
Prone to rotting – Untreated wood exposed to moisture can quickly warp, crack, and rot. Requires diligent sealing and upkeep.
Vulnerable to insects/pests – Termites, carpenter ants, and wood-boring beetles can infest and damage wood decking.
Splintering – Wood surfaces will splinter over time, creating sharp edges and slivers under bare feet.
Heat conduction – Wood absorbs and conducts heat from the sun rapidly, making decks extremely hot in summer.
Checking/cupping – Unsealed wood can develop small splits called checking. Improper spacing leads to cupping.
Mold and mildew – Wood provides a food source for mold and mildew to grow if the surface remains damp.
Weathering – Exposure to sun, moisture, and foot traffic weathers wood significantly over time, creating a worn, gray appearance.
Higher long-term costs – Routine sealing, frequent repairs, and eventual full replacement makes wood expensive over its lifespan.
Heavyweight material – Wood’s weight often requires additional structural support, increasing construction complexity and costs.
Less environmentally-friendly – Some types of wood decking come from unsustainable logging of old-growth forests.
What is Composite Decking?
Composite decking emerged in the 1990s as an alternative to wood. Instead of solid wood, composite decking is made using a blend of materials. The core typically contains a mixture of wood fibers, plastic, and bonding agents. The core provides structure and stability. This is then covered with a durable, resilient outer shell on top and bottom.
Early composite shells were made from a PVC plastic coating. Modern composites now utilize advanced polymers and capping technologies to create shells that mimic the appearance of real wood while outperforming it in durability. Popular composite shell materials include:
- Polyethylene – a highly resilient type of plastic that resists moisture, stains, and mildew.
- Polypropylene – a flexible, stain-proof plastic that provides excellent fade and scratch resistance.
- Acrylics – advanced acrylic polymer alloys that offer enhanced fade, stain, and scratch protection.
- Mineral composites – shells infused with minerals for extreme impact resistance and strength.
Quality composite decking offers consumers low-maintenance, long-lasting decking that retains its like-new appearance for decades after installation. Modern manufacturing techniques also allow composites to emulate the natural look of real wood with remarkable realism. Composites are sized similar to lumber, making them a deck board-for-board replacement for traditional wood planks.
Pros of Composite Decking
Extremely durable – Composite shells prevent damage, rotting, splintering, and deterioration seen in wood.
Stain, fade, mold, and mildew resistant – Composite decks retain their vibrant color and resist stains from food, drinks, leaves, pollen, and dirt.
No painting or sealing required – Unlike wood decks, composites do not require refinishing, staining, or sealing to protect the deck surface.
Withstands harsh weather conditions – Composites are impervious to cracking, splitting, warping, cupping, or splintering when exposed to moisture, sun, or temperature extremes.
Long lifespan – Quality composites are engineered to last 25-30+ years without replacing boards.
Low maintenance – Washing with soap and water is all that is needed to keep composite decks looking fresh.
Resists insect damage – There is no organic matter for termites or carpenter ants to consume.
Fire resistant – Composite decking meets strict fire rating standards and will not readily ignite.
Consistent appearance – Composite maintains its color and finish over its full lifespan.
Eco-friendly – Many composites contain recycled plastic, wood fibers, and reclaimed content. Production scraps can also be recycled.
Often cheaper lifetime cost – The long usable lifespan and minimal maintenance of composites make it cheaper than wood long-term in most cases.
Cons of Composite Decking
Higher upfront cost – Composite decking has a higher initial purchase price than pressure-treated lumber.
** Can still get hot** – Darker composite colors will absorb heat from sunlight, making bare feet uncomfortable.
Limited customization** – Color and style options are pre-set by the manufacturer. Custom stains or paints cannot be applied.
Cuts must be sealed – Any cut ends of composite boards need to be promptly sealed with a coating to prevent moisture intrusion into the core.
Prone to staining – Composite is stain-resistant, but not stain-proof. Oils and strong chemicals can sometimes cause stubborn stains if not promptly cleaned.
Static buildup – Dry debris can cling to static on composite decking surfaces. Wetting down helps reduce static.
Not ideal for elevated decks – The heavier weight of composites makes them less than ideal for multi-story decks requiring extensive support structures.
Can’t be refinished – Unlike sanding and refinishing wood, the composite shell cannot be renewed once faded or scratched. Boards must be fully replaced.
No natural variation – The consistent color and grain pattern lacks the natural uniqueness of real wood.
Contains some plastic – Although recyclable, composite production does utilize plastic components.
Wood vs. Composite Cost Comparison
A major consideration when choosing decking is cost. There are upfront material costs as well as long-term maintenance and replacement costs to factor over the lifespan of the deck.
Upfront material costs – Pressure-treated pine is the most affordable wood option, while cedar and exotic hardwoods can be 2-3 times higher in initial cost. Composite typically costs 2-3 times more upfront than basic pressure-treated pine.
Installation cost – Wood and composite have similar installation costs, as both use traditional decking construction techniques. Heavier composites will require a more robust underlying framework.
Long-term maintenance – This is where wood becomes far more costly than composite over time. Multi-coat sealing every 1-2 years, frequent repairs, and eventual replacement of worn boards makes maintaining a wood deck an unending chore. Composite requires no sealing or repairs, just occasional cleaning.
Replacement cost – The long lifespan of quality composites means the deck may never need full replacement, just supplemental replacement of a few damaged boards if necessary. Lower-grade woods might need a full redo after just 10-15 years due to deterioration.
Resale value – Composite decks retain their value far better when selling a home. A pristine low-maintenance composite deck is highly attractive to buyers. An old, weathered wood deck will decrease value.
In most cases, the higher upfront investment in composite decking will pay for itself over time thanks to dramatically lower maintenance costs and avoiding costly premature replacements. A 25+ year lifespan for composites compared to 15 years for pressure-treated pine makes composite the better value for most buyers.
Appearance Comparison
A top priority is choosing decking that complements your home’s style and provides the ideal aesthetic for your outdoor oasis. There are visual pros and cons to both wood and composite.
Authentic natural look of real wood – Wood’s colorful grains, knots, and imperfections provide unmatched beauty and character. Composite emulations lack wood’s true authenticity.
Consistent, durable appearance – Composite maintains its exact color and never splinters, cups, or shows other signs of wear over decades of use. Wood significantly weathers and wears.
Wider selection of wood species and grades – Numerous wood species with varying grains and hues are available. Selection of composite colors and grain types is more limited.
Customizable look – Real wood can be painted or stained to achieve a limitless array of unique looks. Composite colors are pre-set by the manufacturer.
Realistic wood emulation – Advancements in composite manufacturing allow remarkably realistic emulation of popular wood species’ colors and grains.
Consistent board-to-board color – Composite’s computerized coloring process ensures perfect consistency between boards. Natural wood has inevitable variations.
Fades to gray – Unfinished wood turns grayish after extensive sun exposure. Composite retains its original tone. Gray wood must be refinished.
Overall, wood provides unmatched originality and customization for those who enjoy the natural imperfections that make each board unique. For flawless uniformity and lasting curb appeal, composite mimics wood while improving upon its drawbacks.
Maintenance Comparison
Deck maintenance should also factor prominently in choosing between real wood vs. composite. Maintenance requirements vary significantly.
Sealing – Wood decks require re-sealing every 1-2 years to protect from moisture damage. Composites never need sealing or refinishing.
Mold and mildew – Wood is prone to mold growth in shaded or damp areas. Composites resist mold and mildew.
Debris cleaning – Both composites and wood need occasional sweeping or blowing to remove pollen, leaves, and other debris.
Spot cleaning – Food or beverage spills, grease, bird droppings, and other stains need prompt cleaning and scrubbing on both wood and composite decks.
Snow and ice removal – Timely snow and ice removal is advised to prevent slipping and to avoid excessive accumulated weight on deck boards.
Replacement of damaged boards – Both wood and composite boards can be replaced if extensively damaged. Matching color may be difficult with composites.
Splintering – Wood splinters readily and will eventually require sanding. Composites won’t splinter but can become mildly bent or warped.
Warping and rotting – Wood is prone to cupping, crowning, twisting, and full rotting if not properly maintained. Composite withstands moisture very well.
Fading – Unfinished wood fades significantly. Composite color change is minimal. Faded wood requires refinishing to restore color.
Cracking – Unsealed wood cracks and checks. Plastics in composites expand and contract minutely with temperature changes to prevent cracking.
Clearly, composite decking is the low-maintenance choice. With wood, sealing and refinishing are never-ending maintenance requirements. Composite simplifies upkeep while retaining its like-new appearance and quality.
Sustainability Comparison
Eco-conscious homeowners may also consider the environmental pros and cons of wood versus composite decking.
Renewable resource – When responsibly sourced, wood is a renewable building material. Old-growth logging, however, is extremely harmful to forests. Some woods are more sustainably produced than others.
Recycled content – Many composite products contain a high percentage of recycled plastics and reclaimed wood fibers, giving plastic and wood waste new life.
Recyclability – Both wood boards and composite scraps can be recycled at the ends of their lifespans rather than sent to landfills.
End of life – Wood can be composted, burned, or broken down naturally at end of life. Retired composite boards are more likely to end up in landfills.
Carbon footprint – Locally sourced wood has a relatively low carbon footprint. Composites require more energy to manufacture and transport.
Toxic chemicals – Some composites utilize more toxic chemicals in production, while wood preservatives can leach toxins into soil as they decompose.
Deforestation – Illegal logging is rampant in the tropics. Certified sustainably managed forests help ensure future tree supplies. Some composites utilize fast-growing bamboo.
For eco-friendly decking, locally sourced domestic woods or Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified tropical species offer renewable options. Many composites also utilize recycled content and make an effort to reduce environmental impacts. Consumers should research manufacturers’ sustainability practices.
Best Uses for Wood Decking
Wood excels in certain decking applications due to its natural beauty, strength, and timeless character. Recommended uses for real wood decking include:
- Rustic mountain cabins and cottages – Rugged woods like pine or cedar complement the woodsy character of rural getaway homes. Their imperfections add to the charm.
- Historic homes – Wood is a traditional decking choice befitting historic homes and historic district regulations often require real wood.
- Tropical and island architecture – Exotic hardwoods evoke a tropical locale. Ipe and tigerwood suit coastal homes.
- Custom designs – Unique deck shapes and patterns take advantage of wood’s workability and customizability.
- Multilevel decks – Wood’s strength makes it suitable for decks elevated high above grade if properly supported.
- Hot, arid climates – Wood’s insulating properties help keep it cooler than composites under intense sunlight. Air circulation underneath is optimal.
For deck traditionalists who favor real wood’s natural beauty, character-filled imperfections, and endless customization, wood remains a top choice despite higher maintenance. It brings timeless and irreplaceable warmth to outdoor living that composite cannot quite replicate.
Best Uses for Composite Decking
Thanks to their durability and longevity, composite decks excel in these applications:
- Low maintenance – For homeowners who want to avoid constant sealing, staining, repairs, and replacement, composite is virtually maintenance-free.
- Poolside and waterside decks – Composite shrugs off pool chemicals and continual moisture. Wood would rot quickly.
- Elevated or 2nd story decks – Composites allow support structures to be optimized thanks to lighter weight. Wood requires beefier framing.
- High traffic areas – Busy multi-family or commercial decks withstand constant foot traffic without wearing like wood.
- Play spaces for children and pets – No splinter hazard plus stain and impact resistance make composite perfect for kid play areas and under swing sets. Also great for pet playgrounds.
- Slip-resistant surfaces – Embossed composite decking provides traction even when damp. Grooved boards channel water out.
- Coastal climates – Resistance to moisture, decay, and termites makes composite ideal for oceanside, high humidity environments.
- Rainy regions – Where wet weather is frequent, composite won’t warp, rot, or grow moldy like wood.
Composite maximizes longevity while minimizing maintenance. Its unyielding performance in any setting makes it the leading low-upkeep decking option.
Installation Comparison
Deck installation for wood vs. composite is comparable, although a few differences exist:
- Framing – Most wood and composite products use traditional deck framing construction. Heavier composite may need a stronger framework and closer joist spacing.
- Blocking – Composite requires solid blocking between all joists as reinforcement. Wood blocking is recommended but not always required with wood decking.
- Fasteners – Composites require special exterior-grade composite decking screws. Wood decks use standard exterior wood screws